Abstract: A modified electrode includes a conductive substrate and a crosslinked branched polymer disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the conductive substrate. The crosslinked branched polymer comprises a plurality of tertiary amino groups and a plurality of carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, or any combination thereof. The electrode is useful in a battery, such as a redox flow battery.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for in operando, non-invasive monitoring of byproducts that commonly arise within redox flow batteries. The described techniques and systems allow for accurate, inexpensive, portable, and real-time methods to measure evolution of gas bubbles and precipitates within the electrolyte solutions of redox flow batteries. System operators can monitor and maintain the amount of byproducts within the electrolyte solution by measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the electrolyte solution and changes in the speed at which ultrasonic echoes propagate through the solution. The acoustic attenuation coefficient is measured using an ultrasonic transducer attached to a probing cell, which is connected to an electrolyte flow of a redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient provides an accurate, real-time identification of byproducts that is generally insensitive to varying operational temperatures of the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method of capturing carbon from seawater, the method including: flowing input seawater including bicarbonate and having a pH greater than 8 through a center compartment of an electrolytic cell, wherein the center compartment is disposed between an anode compartment and a cathode compartment of the electrolytic cell; acidifying the input seawater in the center compartment with a proton, to form acidified seawater; generating carbon dioxide in the center compartment including reaction of the proton with the bicarbonate from the input seawater; flowing acidified seawater out of the center compartment; contacting the acidified seawater with hydroxide or a hydroxide salt from the cathode compartment to generate basified seawater having a pH greater than 9; and flowing hydrogen generated in the cathode compartment to the anode compartment.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for in operando, non-invasive SOC monitoring of redox flow batteries. The described techniques and systems allow for accurate, inexpensive, portable, and real-time methods to measure the SOC of redox flow batteries. System operators can monitor the SOC by measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the electrolyte in the redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient is measured using an ultrasonic transducer attached to a probing cell, which is connected to an electrolyte flow of a redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient provides an accurate, real-time SOC measurement that is generally insensitive to varying operational temperatures of the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of storing and delivering electrical using hydrogen at low-cost and for long-durations. The systems and methods use energy-bearing redox pairs that electrochemically bear energy through decoupled hydrogen and oxygen consumption and/or evolution reactions, which are typically associated with fuel cells. Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within a water electrolysis voltage window for the electrolyte solution. Electrical energy delivery, hydrogen generation, electrolyte regeneration, or combinations thereof can be performed by logically or physically separated unit operations in a continuous manner, batch manner, or semi-batch manner facilitated by the energy-bearing redox pair.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for in operando, non-invasive SOC monitoring of redox flow batteries. The described techniques and systems allow for accurate, inexpensive, portable, and real-time methods to measure the SOC of redox flow batteries. System operators can monitor the SOC by measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the electrolyte in the redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient is measured using an ultrasonic transducer attached to a probing cell, which is connected to an electrolyte flow of a redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient provides an accurate, real-time SOC measurement that is generally insensitive to varying operational temperatures of the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of storing and delivering electrical using hydrogen at low-cost and for long-durations. The systems and methods use energy-bearing redox pairs that electrochemically bear energy through decoupled hydrogen and oxygen consumption and/or evolution reactions, which are typically associated with fuel cells. Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within a water electrolysis voltage window for the electrolyte solution. Electrical energy delivery, hydrogen generation, electrolyte regeneration, or combinations thereof can be performed by logically or physically separated unit operations in a continuous manner, batch manner, or semi-batch manner facilitated by the energy-bearing redox pair.

Abstract: A system and a method for generating a digital image indicative of an internal anatomy of a person over a respiratory cycle are provided. The method includes scanning the internal anatomy of the person at a plurality of positions along an axis to obtain scanning data, wherein the scanning at each position is performed over at least one respiratory cycle of the person. The method further includes generating a plurality of cross-sectional digital images based on the scanning data. The method further includes generating a plurality of cross-sectional digital image groups, each group comprising at least two digital images of the plurality of cross-sectional digital images wherein each of the two digital images indicate the internal anatomy at a substantially similar respiratory state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for simultaneously modifying one or more angles of cross-sections in one or more cross-sectional images or stacks of images of a 3D volume. A plurality of viewports is displayed to a user. Each viewport includes a 2D cross-sectional image or stack of images and all 2D images or stacks of images are displayed simultaneously. One or more viewports may also include a control line representative of an angle of cross-section or image plane of a 2D image or stack of images displayed in another viewport. If a control line is moved in a selected viewport, the angle of cross-section or image plane of a 2D image or stack of images in another viewport is accordingly altered simultaneous with such control line movement.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a method of medical image processing on a distributed network including: communicating on a distributed network comprising a server, a client, and a communications pathway having a bandwidth, wherein the distributed network comprises system resources related to the server, the client, and the communications pathway; monitoring the system resources and the bandwidth with at least one process monitor to generate monitor data; and recommending an allocation of at least a portion of the system resources for processing three dimensional image data to form two dimensional image data displayable on the client, wherein the allocation is based at least in part on the monitor data.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a method of medical image processing on a distributed network including: communicating on a distributed network comprising a server, a client, and a communications pathway having a bandwidth, wherein the distributed network comprises system resources related to the server, the client, and the communications pathway; monitoring the system resources and the bandwidth with at least one process monitor to generate monitor data; and recommending an allocation of at least a portion of the system resources for processing three dimensional image data to form two dimensional image data displayable on the client, wherein the allocation is based at least in part on the monitor data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for simultaneously modifying one or more angles of cross-sections in one or more cross-sectional images or stacks of images of a 3D volume. A plurality of viewports is displayed to a user. Each viewport includes a 2D cross-sectional image or stack of images and all 2D images or stacks of images are displayed simultaneously. One or more viewports may also include a control line representative of an angle of cross-section or image plane of a 2D image or stack of images displayed in another viewport. If a control line is moved in a selected viewport, the angle of cross-section or image plane of a 2D image or stack of images in another viewport is accordingly altered simultaneous with such control line movement.

Abstract: A system and a method for generating a digital image indicative of an internal anatomy of a person over a respiratory cycle are provided. The method includes scanning the internal anatomy of the person at a plurality of positions along an axis to obtain scanning data, wherein the scanning at each position is performed over at least one respiratory cycle of the person. The method further includes generating a plurality of cross-sectional digital images based on the scanning data. The method further includes generating a plurality of cross-sectional digital image groups, each group comprising at least two digital images of the plurality of cross-sectional digital images wherein each of the two digital images indicate the internal anatomy at a substantially similar respiratory state.

Abstract: A method and system for performing coronary artery calcification scoring using an imaging system including obtaining image data; examining the image data so as to identify a plurality of discrete pixel elements, wherein each of the pixel elements includes a pixel value; dividing the pixel elements into a scorable region so as to create a plurality of scorable pixel elements; processing the scorable pixel elements so as to identify a center scorable pixel element and determine a median pixel value; and replacing the pixel value for the center scorable pixel element with the median pixel value. Also claimed is a medium encoded with a machine-readable computer program code for performing coronary artery calcification scoring, the medium including instructions for causing controller to implement the aforementioned method.