Abstract: Described are 3D polycatenated architected materials, systems, and methods. The material comprises discrete unit particles mechanically interlocked to form a 3D network patterned after a crystalline topology. This structure provides a tunable dual mechanical response, transitioning from a fluid-like regime to a solid-like regime at a programmable “critical jamming strain.” Methods are disclosed for designing the material using a closed-loop digital twin, manufacturing the material via additive processes, and preconditioning the material. Methods and systems for actuating the material using mechanical, electrostatic, magnetic, thermal, or environmental triggers are also disclosed. Further disclosed are kits-of-parts for assembling the material, and end-user systems, such as impact protection systems, soft robotics, and medical implants, incorporating the material.

Abstract: A structure having a tunable modulus of bending (flexibility) composed of interlocking geometric particles arranged such that an external pressure/force causes them to jam together, increasing the stiffness of the overall structure. Methods for creating the external pressure can include the use of an envelope around the structure that can be evacuated of air.

Abstract: A structure having a tunable modulus of bending (flexibility) composed of interlocking geometric particles arranged such that an external pressure/force causes them to jam together, increasing the stiffness of the overall structure. Methods for creating the external pressure can include the use of an envelope around the structure that can be evacuated of air.