Abstract: One example discloses an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless communications device, including: a processor configured to generate a hybrid-physical protocol data unit (hybrid-PPDU) that includes a set of sub-PPDUs; a first sub-PPDU in the set of sub-PPDUs includes a first preamble portion and a first data payload portion; a second sub-PPDU in the set of sub-PPDUs includes a second preamble portion and a second data payload portion; wherein an OFDMA communications signal includes a set of symbol tones divided into a set of resource units (RUs); wherein the processor is configured to map the first sub-PPDU to a first RU within the set of RUs, and map the second sub-PPDU to a second RU within the set of RUs; and wherein the first preamble portion corresponds to a first 802.11 packet format, and the second preamble portion corresponds to a second 802.11 packet format.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a multi-link device (MLD) access point to establish a target wake time (TWT) with a MLD station, wherein a plurality of links are established between the MLD access point and the MLD station, including: transmitting, by the MLD access point, a TWT set up frame to the MLD station configured to indicate whether the TWT set up frame is applied to multiple links of the plurality of links; and negotiating, by the MLD access point, a TWT agreement with the MLD station via one of the multiple links with the MLD station, wherein the TWT agreement applies to all of the indicated multiple links.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for introducing time diversity in a transmitter. The systems and methods may include receiving, at the transmitter, a request from a receiver to retransmit data. The systems and methods may further include receiving an input of data corresponding to the data requested for retransmission at a first transmitter block. The systems and methods may further include operating on the signals using the first transmitter block in at least one of a first mode and a second mode, such that an output of signals from the first transmitter block is dependent on a time-varying function and corresponds to the data requested by the receiver for retransmission.

Abstract: A reduced neighbor report (RNR) element is generated. The generated RNR element includes multi-link device operation (MLO) information of least one neighboring wireless device to a reporting wireless device. In examples, the MLO information defines information of a respective multi-link device (MLD) which each at least one neighboring wireless device to the reporting wireless device is affiliated. A multilink (ML) element is also generated. The generated ML element includes basic service set (BSS) information of each of at least one wireless device affiliated to an MLD where the reporting wireless device is affiliated to the same MLD. The reporting wireless device transmits a frame which comprises the generated RNR element and the generated ML element, where the generated ML element does not include any other RNR element.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a station to identify the maximum allowed transmit power spectral density (PSD) of a basic service set (BSS), including: receiving, by the station, a first field from an access point (AP) of the BSS, wherein the first field indicates that the BSS bandwidth is set to M times a unit channel bandwidth; receiving, by the station, a set of second fields from the AP, wherein the set of second fields includes K fields corresponding to K channels and wherein each of the K second fields indicates the maximum allowed transmit PSD for the K channels and the bandwidth of the channel is the unit channel bandwidth; and identifying, by the station, the maximum allowed transmit PSD of the M channels of the BSS bandwidth from the first M consecutive second fields.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a first wireless device for providing a high priority communication service for a high priority traffic class between a first wireless device and a second wireless device, including: announcing support for the high priority communication service; receiving an association request from the second wireless device for the transmission of high priority traffic using the high priority communication service; accepting the received association request; and negotiating a restricted target wakeup time (TWT) service period (SP) for the high priority communication service between the first wireless device and the second wireless device, wherein higher priority is given for the transmission of high priority frames using the high priority traffic service.

Abstract: A communication device determines whether simultaneous transmissions in a first frequency segment and a second frequency segment are to be synchronized in time. In response determining that simultaneous transmissions in the first frequency segment and the second frequency segment are to be synchronized in time, the communication device transmits a first packet in the first frequency segment beginning at a first time, and transmits a second packet in the second frequency segment beginning at the first time. In response to determining that simultaneous transmissions in the first frequency segment and the second frequency segment are to be unsynchronized in time, the communication device transmits a third packet in the first frequency segment beginning at a second time, and transmits a fourth packet in the second frequency segment beginning at a third time that is different than the second time.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and apparatuses for secure fine timing measurement (FTM) with encoded long training fields (LTFs). In some aspects, a device transmits an announcement frame for an FTM exchange that includes an indication of encoding. Based on the indication of encoding, an LTF of a first null data packet (NDP) of the FTM exchange is encoded. The device transmits the first NDP having the encoded LTF to another device, and receives, from the other device, a second NDP having an encoded LTF. A round-trip time for the first and second NDPs with encoded LTFs is determined. Based on this round-trip time, a distance between the device and the other device can be determined. By encoding the LTFs of the NDPs of the FTM exchange, third parties can be prevented from spoofing an FTM frame to compromise the FTM exchange and related proximity-based security.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for wireless communications involves operating an Access Point (AP) using feedback subcarrier indices for a bandwidth up to 320 MHz, signaling, by the AP, to a client, a subcarrier location set on which a feedback report is solicited, signaling, by the AP, to a client, a feedback type solicited on the subcarrier location, and indicating, by the client, feedback subcarrier indices for the subcarrier location set via the feedback report solicited by the AP.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a first wireless device for bandwidth negotiation for frame exchange in a TXOP with a second wireless device, including: announcing by the first wireless device a channel puncture scheme indicating whether some 20 MHz channels covering a BSS operating bandwidth are punctured or not; transmitting a frame to the second wireless device indicating a bandwidth for the frame exchange; receiving a frame from the second wireless device indicating a negotiated bandwidth for the frame exchange; and exchanging frames with the second wireless device using the negotiated bandwidth.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for wireless communications involves, at a first station (STA), transmitting a first Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) that includes a first frame to a second STA, wherein the first frame indicates a first duration of a second PPDU that is transmitted subsequent to the first PPDU by a single STA, wherein a non-Trigger-Based (non-TB) PPDU format is used for the second PPDU, and wherein the first frame solicits a response frame included as part of the second PPDU, and at the first STA, receiving from the second STA, the second PPDU that includes the response frame.

Abstract: Communications may be effected in a communications environment involving a plurality channels having disparate bandwidth and channel center frequency indexes. Communications are effected using first communications type with a first channel bandwidth and first channel center frequency index. Communications are also effected via a second communications type using a separate set of fields indicating a second channel bandwidth and a second channel center frequency index, the second channel bandwidth being different than the first channel bandwidth and the second channel center frequency index being different than the first channel center frequency index. The channel center frequency index and bandwidth communicated in each communication may utilize separate subfields.

Abstract: A first access point (AP), which is associated with one or more first client stations, generates an announcement frame that announces a coordinated multi-user (MU) transmission involving multiple APs including the first AP and one or more second APs. Each of the second APs is associated with a respective one or more second client stations. The announcement frame is generated to indicate respective one or more frequency resource units (RUs) allocated to the one or more second APs for the coordinated MU transmission. The first AP transmits the announcement frame to the one or more second APs to initiate the coordinated MU transmission, and participates in the coordinated MU transmission while the one or more second APs also participate in the coordinated MU transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method of multi-link communications involves at a first multi-link device, generating a management frame having reduced neighbor report (RNR) information related to the first multi-link device, and at the first multi-link device, transmitting the management frame having one of the RNR information and a multi-link element (ML IE) or both the RNR information and the ML IE to a second multi-link device.

Abstract: An access point receives a first uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission from a plurality of client stations. The first uplink OFDMA transmission includes i) respective acknowledgment frames for the downlink OFDMA PHY data unit, and ii) respective frames that include indications of respective amounts of buffered data at the respective client stations that are to be transmitted to the access point. The access point uses the received indications of respective amounts of buffered data at the respective client stations to determine an allocation of frequency resources for a second uplink OFDMA transmission, and transmits a second downlink OFDMA PHY data unit to the plurality of client stations, which i) indicates the allocation of frequency resources to the plurality of client stations for the second uplink OFDMA transmission, and ii) is configured to prompt the plurality of client stations to begin transmitting the second uplink OFDMA transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a method for creating a low power wake-up radio frame. The method comprises generating, at an access point, a wake-up radio frame for transmission to one or more client stations, determining whether the wake-up radio frame is to be transmitted inside or outside a basic service set associated with the access point, the basic service set having a basic service set identifier that is used to identify the access point. And in response to determining that the wake-up radio frame is to be transmitted outside the basic service set, computing, a target frame check sequence for the wake-up radio frame without using the basic service set identifier associated with the basic service set, appending the target frame check sequence to the wake-up radio frame; and transmitting, to one or more client stations, the wake-up radio frame with the appended target frame check sequence.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for multi-link communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for multi-link communications involves associating, by an access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), with a non-AP MLD operating on a first set of links, and allocating, by the AP MLD, an Association ID (AID) to the non-AP MLD, such that the AID is included in a first plurality of AIDs, wherein the first plurality of AIDs does not include a first set of AIDs, and wherein at least one of the first set of AIDs are assigned to at least one of APs and Basic Service Set Identifiers (BSSIDs) on a second set of links.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for wireless operations are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for wireless operations involves announcing, by a first wireless device to a second wireless device, capability parameters, wherein the first wireless device operates according to a first communication protocol and has a first bandwidth capability, and wherein the first wireless device operates according to a second communication protocol and has a second bandwidth capability that is narrower than the first bandwidth capability, receiving, at the second wireless device, the capability parameters announced by the first wireless device, and operating the second wireless device according to the capability parameters announced by the first wireless device.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a first wireless device for announcing operating capabilities to a second wireless device, wherein the first wireless device and second wireless device support a first protocol and a second protocol, including: announcing by the first device original capabilities to the second device; receiving an announcement of capabilities from the second device; receiving frames from the second device in PHY Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) following the first protocol and the second protocol; announcing by the first device a change in its capabilities to the second device; and receiving frames from the second device in PPDUs transmitted using the changed capabilities following the first protocol and the second protocol, wherein the change in the capabilities includes a change in a one of a puncture parameter, bandwidth parameter, mode and coding scheme (MCS) parameter, and a number of simultaneous streams (Nss) parameter.

Abstract: A network device includes a first medium access control entity and a second medium access control entity. The first medium access control entity is configured to transmit and receive in a first frequency band. The second medium access control entity is configured to transmit and receive in a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is higher than and non-contiguous with the first frequency band. The first medium access control entity is configured to receive a control frame and operate as a pass-through to pass at least a portion of the control frame from the first medium access control entity to the second medium access control entity as opposed to forwarding the control frame to a physical layer entity or a processor of the network device. The second medium access control entity is configured to transmit the at least the portion of the control frame in the second frequency band.