Abstract: A method of making a urea containing powder by injecting an amine and an isocyanate simultaneously into a mixing chamber is disclosed. The method comprises mixing in a high-pressure impingement mixing device at a pressure of at least 2500 psi for a time less than 10 seconds. The resulting urea containing powders have defined particle sizes and molecular weight distributions as well as a stoichiometric mole ratio of isocyanates and amine functionalities. Methods of making a thickened polyurea containing master batch with the urea containing powders using a shear thickening step, and making a grease by gelling the first or second urea containing powder under heat and in the presence of an oil are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to greases containing metal sulfonate thickeners. In one example the thickener may be a calcium sulfonate thickener. In other examples grease may contain a combination of a metal sulfonate thickener and another thickener, such as a metal complex soap grease, detergent, or non-soap thickener. The grease may be formulated to meet specific performance criteria relevant to lubrication of a roller cone drill bit in downhole conditions. The disclosure also relates to a roller cone drill bit containing a grease of the disclosure.

Abstract: A refrigeration composition containing at least one ester formed by esterification of a hydroxycarboxylic acid component and an alcohol component, the hydroxycarboxylic acid component chosen from hydroxycarboxylic acids comprising more than one carboxylic acid group, hydroxystearic acid, hydroxylauric acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyarachidic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid, hydroxylinoleic acid, hydroxyerucic acid, hydroxyarachidonic acid, ricinoleic acid, and combinations thereof, and the alcohol component containing at least one alcohol; and a base oil lubricant chosen from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A novel and environmentally friendly lignin based lubricant composition in the form of oil, gel, grease, paste, solid, or water/glycol emulsion comprising lignin and/or its derivatives with a dosage ranging from 0.01 to 95 wt %, preferably 0.1% to 80 wt %, or even more preferably 0.5 to 60 wt % dispersed in at least one or more components selected from 1) base oils, 2) surfactants or coupling agents, 3) lubricant additives, or 4) grease thickeners of soap or non-soap type whereupon the said composition was found to exhibit novel and synergistic performance benefits such as, but not limited to, antioxidancy, extreme pressure, antiwear, lubricity as well as a rheology modifying characteristics, e.g. thickening effect, for a broad range of lubricant, grease, or oil field drilling applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to greases containing metal sulfonate thickeners. In one example the thickener may be a calcium sulfonate thickener. In other examples grease may contain a combination of a metal sulfonate thickener and another thickener, such as a metal complex soap grease, detergent, or non-soap thickener. The grease may be formulated to meet specific performance criteria relevant to lubrication of a roller cone drill bit in downhole conditions. The disclosure also relates to a roller cone drill bit containing a grease of the disclosure.

Abstract: A refrigeration composition containing at least one ester formed by esterification of a hydroxycarboxylic acid component and an alcohol component, the hydroxycarboxylic acid component chosen from hydroxycarboxylic acids comprising more than one carboxylic acid group, hydroxystearic acid, hydroxylauric acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyarachidic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid, hydroxylinoleic acid, hydroxyerucic acid, hydroxyarachidonic acid, ricinoleic acid, and combinations thereof, and the alcohol component containing at least one alcohol; and a base oil lubricant chosen from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A refrigeration composition containing at least one ester formed by esterification of a hydroxycarboxylic acid component and an alcohol component, the hydroxycarboxylic acid component chosen from hydroxycarboxylic acids comprising more than one carboxylic acid group, hydroxystearic acid, hydroxylauric acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyarachidic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid, hydroxylinoleic acid, hydroxyerucic acid, hydroxyarachidonic acid, ricinoleic acid, and combinations thereof, and the alcohol component containing at least one alcohol; and a base oil lubricant chosen from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Novel refrigeration compositions are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a refrigeration composition comprises a mixture of an ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The hydroxycarboxylic acid has a chain length ranging from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. The composition also comprises a carrier fluid or base oil, selected from the group consisting of an alkylbenzene, an alkylated naphthenic, a polyalkylene glycol, a polyvinylether, a polyalphaolefin, mineral oil, a polyol ester, and combinations thereof, providing improved fluidity and heat transfer, and enhanced oil return.

Abstract: A refrigeration composition containing at least one ester formed by esterification of a hydroxycarboxylic acid component and an alcohol component, the hydroxycarboxylic acid component chosen from hydroxycarboxylic acids comprising more than one carboxylic acid group, hydroxystearic acid, hydroxylauric acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyarachidic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid, hydroxylinoleic acid, hydroxyerucic acid, hydroxyarachidonic acid, ricinoleic acid, and combinations thereof, and the alcohol component containing at least one alcohol; and a base oil lubricant chosen from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Novel refrigeration compositions comprising at least one ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid which can have a chain length in the range of from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. The composition can contain a carrier fluid or base oil selected from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof, providing improved fluidity and heat transfer, and enhanced oil return. A method of making a refrigeration composition by preparing at least one ester by esterifying a first component comprising at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid with a second component comprising at least one alcohol and combining the at least one ester with a base oil selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Novel refrigeration compositions comprising at least one ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid which can have a chain length in the range of from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. The composition can contain a carrier fluid or base oil selected from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof, providing improved fluidity and heat transfer, and enhanced oil return. A method of making a refrigeration composition by preparing at least one ester by esterifying a first component comprising at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid with a second component comprising at least one alcohol and combining the at least one ester with a base oil selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to greases containing metal sulfonate thickeners. In one example the thickener may be a calcium sulfonate thickener. In other examples grease may contain a combination of a metal sulfonate thickener and another thickener, such as a metal complex soap grease, detergent, or non-soap thickener. The grease may be formulated to meet specific performance criteria relevant to lubrication of a roller cone drill bit in downhole conditions. The disclosure also relates to a roller cone drill bit containing a grease of the disclosure.

Abstract: Novel refrigeration compositions are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a refrigeration composition comprises a mixture of an ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The hydroxycarboxylic acid has a chain length ranging from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. The composition also comprises a carrier fluid or base oil, selected from the group consisting of an alkylbenzene, an alkylated naphthenic, a polyalkylene glycol, a polyvinylether, a polyalphaolefin, mineral oil, a polyol ester, and combinations thereof, providing improved fluidity and heat transfer, and enhanced oil return.

Abstract: Homogeneous lubricant blends are disclosed comprising polyether liquid lubricants miscible with synthetic hydrocarbon fluids or severely hydroprocessed basestock. The lubricants comprise SHF or hydroprocessed basestock and polyalkylene oxide polymer having recurring units of at least one long chain monoepoxy alkane monomer(s) containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms and short chain comonomer(s) selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuran, oxetan, butylene oxide propylene oxide and ethylene oxide wherein the mole ratio of long chain monoepoxy alkane monomers to short chain comonomers is between 0.5 and 9.

Abstract: Cyclic ethers are polymerized or copolymerized in homogeneous liquid phase using very low concentrations of heteropolyacid catalyst to produce essentially linear polyoxyalkylene polymers. The product of the polymerization contains less than 2 weight percent cyclic oligomer by-product and has a molecular weight distribution (M.sub.w /M.sub.n) between 1 and 2. Alcohols, acyl-containing compounds and alkalies can be used as end-caping groups to terminate polymerization or modify the properties of the polymer produced. The process produces novel polyoxyalkylene copolymers and block copolymers that are useful as lubricants. The copolymers have a high viscosity index and are compatible with mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon lubricants. Preferred comonomers are tetrahydrofuran, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 monoepoxides and oxetan.

Abstract: Cyclic ethers are polymerized or copolymerized in homogeneous liquid phase using very low concentrations of heteropolyacid catalyst to produce essentially linear polyoxyalkylene polymers. The product of the polymerization contains less than 2 weight percent cyclic oligomer by-product and has a molecular weight distribution (M.sub.w /M.sub.n) between 1 and 2. Alcohols, acyl-containing compounds and alkalies can be used as end-caping groups to terminate polymerization or modify the properties of the polymer produced. The process produces novel polyoxyalkylene copolymers and block copolymers that are useful as lubricants. The copolymers have a high viscosity index and are compatible with mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon lubricants. Preferred comonomers are tetrahydrofuran, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 monoepoxides and oxetan.

Abstract: Alkyl ethers of sulfur containing hydroxyl-derived aromatics have been found to be effective as high-performance synthetic lubricant base stocks with superior catalytic thermal/oxidative stabilities, excellent antiwear and load-carrying properties, as exemplified by bisphenol sulfide (BPS) based products. These ethers are also highly useful in fuel compositions.

Abstract: An ester-containing reaction product of a carbonyl compound, preferably an acyl halide and a thiodiphenol has high temperature antioxidant properties. The reaction product is useful as a synthetic lubricant base fluid or as an antioxidant additive when used in minor amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt. % in a mineral oil or hydrocracked oil lubricant base fluid. The reaction product can also be used in a fuel.

Abstract: Alkyl ethers of sulfur-containing hydroxyl-derived aromatics have been found to be effective as high-performance synthetic lubricant base stocks with superior catalytic thermal/oxidative stabilities, excellent antiwear and load-carrying properties, as exemplified by bisphenol sulfide (BPS) based products. These ethers are also highly useful in fuel compositions.

Abstract: A method for preparing molybdenum and sulfur containing compounds of the general formula X.sub.2 Mo.sub.2 S.sub.12.yH.sub.2 O, where X is a cation selected from the group consisting of Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, R.sub.4 N.sup.+, R.sub.3 NH.sup.+, R.sub.2 NH.sub.2.sup.+, RNH.sub.3.sup.+, NH.sub.4.sup.+, R.sub.4 P.sup.+, R.sub.4 As.sup.+,(R.sub.3 P).sub.2 N.sup.+, R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.30 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 aralkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 alkoxyalkyl group and mixtures thereof, and y is from 0 to 2. The method comprises preparing a sulfide solution that contains from about 9 wt. % to about 13 wt. % sulfide sulfur; contacting the solution with elemental sulfur and a hydroxide; adding a molybdenum compound for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form a reaction mixture and a precipitate; separating the precipitate; and contacting the remaining reaction mixture with additional sulfide solution to form (NH.sub.4 ).sub.2 Mo.sub.2 S.sub.12.yH.sub.2 O.