Abstract: A first communication device for communicating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes a WLAN network interface device and a wakeup radio (WUR) coupled to the WLAN network interface device. The WLAN network interface device is configured to receive, from a second communication device, a WLAN packet that includes a WUR identifier for a third communication device. The WUR of the first communication device is configured to receive a WUR packet that includes the WUR identifier. At least one of the WLAN network interface and the WUR are further configured to use the WUR packet to determine whether to change a WLAN association from the second communication device to the third communication device.

Abstract: An access point (AP) allocates a broadcast resource unit (RU), and ii) one or more other RUs for a multi-user physical layer protocol data unit (MU PPDU). The AP generates the MU PPDU to include i) a physical layer (PHY) preamble, and ii) a management medium access control layer (MAC) frame in the broadcast RU. When the AP device is allowing unassociated stations to associate with the AP device, the AP device sets a station identifier in the PHY preamble corresponding to the broadcast RU to a first value that indicates the AP device is allowing unassociated stations to associate with the AP device. When the AP device is not allowing unassociated stations to associate with the AP device, the AP device sets the station identifier to a second value that indicates the AP device is not allowing unassociated stations to associate with the AP device.

Abstract: A method for operation of a first communication device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) communication channel, having a plurality of component channels, between the first communication device and a second communication device is described. A first physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) and a second PPDU, distinct from the first PPDU, are generated. The first PPDU and second PPDU are transmitted simultaneously to the second communication device over the WLAN communication channel, including: transmitting the first PPDU via a first component channel within a first radio frequency (RF) channel segment that occupies a first frequency bandwidth, and transmitting the second PPDU via a second component channel within a second RF channel segment that occupies a second frequency bandwidth that does not overlap the first frequency bandwidth segment, and is separated from the first frequency bandwidth segment by a frequency gap.

Abstract: A radio frequency capability configuration method and an apparatus, the method including sending, by a network device, to a terminal, configuration information configuring M sets of radio frequency capabilities, where each set of radio frequency capabilities includes one or more radio frequency capabilities on one or more carriers, where a radio frequency capability on each carrier of the one or more carriers comprises a quantity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) layers, and where M is an integer greater than 1, and sending, by the network device, to the terminal, first indication information to the terminal, where the first indication information indicates a set of radio frequency capabilities in the M sets of radio frequency capabilities.

Abstract: A method of method of dynamic channel switching by a station (STA), including: receiving a resource unit (RU) allocation in an initial frame exchange; determining that the STA cannot operate in its operating BW covering a primary channel based upon the RU allocation; switching to secondary channel(s) per an RU allocated to it to carry out communication by the STA during a transmit opportunity (TXOP); carrying out the communication during the TXOP; and switching back to the primary channel no later than an end of the TXOP if detecting that an AP will not do the initial frame exchange with it in the secondary channel(s) within the TXOP.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for wireless communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a wireless device includes a controller configured to generate a frame that includes interference information indicating an existence or an occurrence of a wireless communications interference and a wireless transceiver configured to transmit the frame through an antenna.

Abstract: A non-access point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) is arranged to roam within a roaming AP MLD comprising a plurality of AP MLDs. The non-access point MLD receives from the roaming AP MLD an announcement. In an example, the announcement indicates that the roaming AP supports one of a link level roaming and MLD roaming within the roaming AP MLD. Based on the announcement, the non-AP MLD sends a roaming request to the roaming AP MLD, where the roaming request indicates one of the link level roaming and MLD roaming. A roaming response is received from the roaming AP MLD where the response indicates at least one new link established from the non-AP MLD to the roaming AP MLD. Based on the new link which is established, the non-AP MLD exchanges frames with the roaming AP MLD.

Abstract: Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) parameters for transmission of respective HARQ data units are determined. Determining HARQ parameters includes determining initial HARQ parameters, including an initial number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols that will be occupied by the HARQ data unit and an initial pre-coding padding factor corresponding to a boundary within a last OFDM symbol. Based at least in part on the initial pre-coding padding factor, it is determined whether the HARQ data unit will be misaligned with both a beginning of a first OFDM symbol occupied by the HARQ data unit and an end of a last OFDM symbol occupied by the HARQ data unit. When it is determined that the HARQ data unit will be misaligned, the initial pre-coding padding factor is adjusted to account for a reduced data tone OFDM symbol segment to be occupied by the HARQ data unit.

Abstract: An access point (AP) generates a multi-user request to send (MU-RTS) frame for protecting a channel bandwidth during a communication exchange, and transmits the MU-RTS frame in multiple duplicate first packets in respective communication subchannels that span the channel bandwidth. Each first packet has a first packet format that conforms to a legacy protocol. The AP receives multiple clear-to-send (CTS) frames from multiple client stations via respective communication subchannels that span the channel bandwidth. The AP generates a trigger frame configured to prompt the multiple client stations to transmit respective data to the AP. After transmitting the multiple first packets, the AP transmits the trigger frame in one or more second packets that span the channel bandwidth and that conform to a second packet format defined by a non-legacy protocol. The AP receives, from the multiple client stations, data frames that are responsive to the trigger frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and an apparatus for multi-link communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for multi-link communications involves announcing, by a non-access point (non-AP) multi-link device (MLD) to an access point (AP) MLD, a frame exchange restriction in an enhanced multi-link operation, receiving, by the AP MLD from the non-AP MLD, the frame exchange restriction, and transmitting, by the AP MLD to the non-AP MLD, an initial frame according to the frame exchange restriction.

Abstract: An access network device sends resource information to a terminal device, where the resource information includes information about N uplink resources and information about M downlink resources, and N and M are integers greater than or equal to 2. The terminal device sends a random access request to the access network device using one of the N uplink resources (namely, a first resource). Correspondingly, the access network device may receive the random access request from the terminal device over the first resource, and may send a random access response to the terminal device using one of the M downlink resources (namely, a second resource).

Abstract: One example discloses a multi-link device (MLD) within a wireless local area network (WLAN), including: a controller configured to generate a management frame having a set of multi-link information elements (ML IEs); wherein the MLD is configured to be coupled to a set of PHY-layer links; and wherein the controller is configured to perform a multi-link setup with a second MLD using the set of ML IEs over the PHY-layer links.

Abstract: A system for reconstructing a magnetic particle image based on adaptive optimization of regularization terms includes: a MPI device for scanning an imaging object to acquire a voltage response signal; a signal processor for constructing a system matrix; and a control processor for reconstructing the magnetic particle image based on an arbitrarily selected regularization term, inputting the reconstructed magnetic particle image to a regularization-term adaptive optimization neural network model for enhancement processing, taking the enhanced magnetic particle image as a first image, and calculating a loss value between the first image and an initial image to acquire a final reconstructed magnetic particle image. The system adopts a neural network model-based automatic learning approach, instead of the approach of manually selecting regularization terms and adjusting parameters, to improve the reconstruction efficiency and quality of the magnetic particle image.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method of multi-link communications involves at an access point (AP) multi-link device, allocating Association IDs (AIDs) to non-AP multi-link devices, including allocating one of the AIDs to each of the non-AP multi-link devices, and at the AP multi-link device, generating a first indication element for the AIDs to indicate a buffered data configuration at the AP multi-link device for the non-AP multi-link devices.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method performed by a multi-link device (MLD) access point to establish a target wake time (TWT) with a MLD station, wherein a plurality of links are established between the MLD access point and the MLD station, including: transmitting, by the MLD access point, a TWT set up frame to the MLD station configured to indicate whether the TWT set up frame is applied to multiple links of the plurality of links; and negotiating, by the MLD access point, a TWT agreement with the MLD station via one of the multiple links with the MLD station, wherein the TWT agreement applies to all of the indicated multiple links.

Abstract: Embodiments of relay device, communications system and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a relay device comprises a wireless transceiver to receive and transmit frames, and a controller operably coupled to the wireless transceiver to process the frames, wherein the controller is configured to receive a frame from the transmitter device, perform a relay operation to relay the frame from the transmitter device to the destination device, wherein the relay device is configured to perform the relay operation using only lower MAC functions, and transmit the frame from the transmitter device to the destination device.

Abstract: A first communication device determines whether a second communication device is in a power save mode with respect to a first communication link among a plurality of communication links that correspond to respective frequency segments, and determines whether the second communication device is in a power save mode with respect to a second communication link among the plurality of communication links. The second communication device is permitted to be in the power save mode with respect to the second communication link when the second communication device is not in the power save mode with respect to the first communication link, and vice versa. The first communication device communicates with the second communication device in accordance with the power save modes of the second communication device with respect to the first and second communication links.

Abstract: In response to a first communication device determining that a specific wireless local area network (WLAN) communication link has been negotiated with a second communication device for traffic corresponding to a first traffic identifier (TID), the first communication device transmits packets corresponding to the first TID to the second communication device only via the specific WLAN communication link. In response to the first communication device determining that no WLAN communication link has been negotiated with the second communication device for traffic corresponding to a second TID, transmitting, by the first communication device, packets corresponding to the second TID to the second communication device via multiple WLAN communication links.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus for communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a communications device includes a controller configured to generate a frame including a Media Access Control (MAC) header and a security encapsulation for MAC header protection and a transceiver configured to transmit the frame to a second communications device. The security encapsulation includes packet number (PN) information, key identification (ID) information, and message integrity check (MIC) information.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A network device sends a first signal to a first terminal device in a first frequency band and a second frequency band. A frequency band of a first carrier includes the first frequency band and the second frequency band, and the first carrier is a carrier of a first cell accessed by the first terminal device. The network device sends a second signal to a second terminal device in a third frequency band. A frequency band of a second carrier includes the third frequency band and the second frequency band, a root sequence for generating the first signal is the same as a root sequence for generating the second signal, and the second carrier is a carrier of a second cell accessed by the second terminal device.