Abstract: The present invention provides a C-terminal CDNF fragment sequence or a sequence which has at least 80% homology or sequence identity to said sequence. The C-terminal CDNF fragment protects ER stressed neurons, motoneurons and dopaminergic neurons and the fragment is capable of penetrating neuronal cell membrane as well as the blood-brain-barrier. The present invention further provides said fragment and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said fragment for use in treatments of degenerative diseases and disorders including central nervous system diseases, diabetes and retinal disorders. The present invention is also providing a C-terminal MANF fragment sequence or a sequence which has at least 80% homology or sequence identity to the said sequence and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said MANF fragment for use in the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders including central nervous system diseases, diabetes and retinal disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a C-terminal CDNF fragment sequence or a sequence which has at least 90% homology to said sequence. The C-terminal CDNF fragment protects ER stressed neurons, motoneurons and dopaminergic neurons and the fragment is capable of penetrating neuronal cell membrane as well as the blood-brain-barrier. The present invention further provides said fragment and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said fragment for use in treatments of degenerative diseases and disorders including central nervous system diseases, diabetes and retinal disorders. The present invention is also providing a C-terminal MANF fragment sequence or a sequence which has at least 90% homology to the said sequence and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said MANF fragment for use in the treatment of degenerative diseases and disorders including central nervous system diseases, diabetes and retinal disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for identifying agents which modulate cell death, indicated e.g. by the expression of caspase-2 and/or caspase-7, in GDNF family growth factor deprived neuronal or nonneuronal cells. The methods for identifying such agents find particular application in drug development.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for identifying agents which modulate cell death, indicated e.g. by the expression of caspase-2 and/or caspase-7, in GDNF family growth factor deprived neuronal or nonneuronal cells. The methods for identifying such agents find particular application in drug development.