Abstract: A tolerance ring including a substrate, and an overlying layer including at least one of a thermal enhancement layer and a retention layer, the thermal enhancement layer including at least one of (i) Vickers hardness <400 VPN or (ii) a thermal conductivity >100 W/m·K, the tolerance ring being adapted to provide at least one of (a) a thermal transfer between the inner member and the outer member, (b) a coefficient of friction between the retention layer and the outer member, ?1, and a coefficient of friction between the substrate and the outer member, ?2, and where ?1>?2, or (c) a retention force, Rf, between the inner member and the outer member, and the assembly has an assembly force, Af, and where Rf>0.1 Af, wherein the tolerance ring includes a plurality of projections protruding radially inward or radially outward.

Abstract: A tolerance ring including a substrate, and an overlying layer including at least one of a thermal enhancement layer and a retention layer, the thermal enhancement layer including at least one of i) Vickers hardness <400 VPM or ii) a thermal conductivity >100 W/m·K, the tolerance ring being adapted to provide at least one of a) a thermal transfer between the inner member and the outer member, b) a coefficient of friction between the retention layer and the outer member, ?1, and a coefficient of friction between the substrate and the outer member, ?2, and where ?1>?2, or c) a retention force, Rf, between the inner member and the outer member, and the assembly has an assembly force, Af, and where Rf>0.1 Af, wherein the tolerance ring includes a plurality of projections protruding radially inward or radially outward.

Abstract: Systems and methods include providing a tolerance ring with a friction enhancement feature on at least one surface of the tolerance ring to increase at least one friction-related property of the tolerance ring. The friction enhancement feature provides the tolerance ring with an increased retention force while providing an optimum radial force that allows a component secured by the tolerance ring to move freely while reducing or altogether preventing axial movement of the component.

Abstract: A steering assembly including an inner steering member; an outer steering member; a leaf spring disposed between the inner steering member and the outer steering member and adapted to bias the inner steering member, wherein the leaf spring comprises an inner portion and a plurality of outer portions, wherein the outer portions comprise end portions of the leaf spring that are folded over such that the outer portions overlie the inner portion, forming a folded edge; and a low friction layer supported by the leaf spring.

Abstract: A steering assembly including an inner steering member; an outer steering member; a leaf spring disposed between the inner steering member and the outer steering member and adapted to bias the inner steering member, wherein the leaf spring comprises an inner portion and a plurality of outer portions, wherein the outer portions comprise end portions of the leaf spring that are folded over such that the outer portions overlie the inner portion, forming a folded edge; and a low friction layer supported by the leaf spring.

Abstract: A tolerance ring including a substrate, and an overlying layer including at least one of a thermal enhancement layer and a retention layer, the thermal enhancement layer including at least one of i) Vickers hardness <400 VPM or ii) a thermal conductivity >100 W/m*K, the tolerance ring being adapted to provide at least one of a) a thermal transfer between the inner member and the outer member, b) a coefficient of friction between the retention layer and the outer member, ?1, and a coefficient of friction between the substrate and the outer member, ?2, and where ?1>?2, or c) a retention force, Rf, between the inner member and the outer member, and the assembly has an assembly force, Af, and where Rf>0.1 Af, wherein the tolerance ring includes a plurality of projections protruding radially inward or radially outward.

Abstract: A head restraint assembly including a headrest including an inner member, a seat back including an outer member, and a bearing disposed between the inner member and the outer member, the bearing including at least one leaf spring adapted to bias the inner member, where the leaf spring includes a substrate and a low friction layer overlying the substrate, where the leaf spring includes an inner portion and a plurality of outer portions, where the outer portions include end portions of the leaf spring that are folded over such that the outer portions overlie the inner portion, forming a folded edge, where the headrest is adapted to translate with respect to the seat back, and where the seat back is adapted to receive the headrest such that the headrest is height adjustable relative to a seat back.

Abstract: A head restraint assembly including a headrest including an inner member, a seat back including an outer member, and a bearing disposed between the inner member and the outer member, the bearing including at least one leaf spring adapted to bias the inner member, where the leaf spring includes a substrate and a low friction layer overlying the substrate, where the leaf spring includes an inner portion and a plurality of outer portions, where the outer portions include end portions of the leaf spring that are folded over such that the outer portions overlie the inner portion, forming a folded edge, where the headrest is adapted to translate with respect to the seat back, and where the seat back is adapted to receive the headrest such that the headrest is height adjustable relative to a seat back.

Abstract: A tolerance ring is adapted to be deployed between inner and outer components. The tolerance ring includes a generally cylindrical body. The sidewall can include an undeformed portion. The sidewall can further include a plurality of wave structures. The wave structures can protrude radially from the undeformed portion. Some or all wave structures can protrude inwardly or can protrude outwardly. Furthermore, the tolerance ring when placed in an assembly having an inner component and an outer component can have a first torque break-point T1 in a first rotational direction. A torque break point for an assembly comprising an inner component, an outer component, and a tolerance ring is the torque at which slippage occurs.

Abstract: A torque limiting tolerance ring that is configured to be installed between an inner component and an outer component is disclosed. The torque limiting tolerance ring can include a generally cylindrical body that can have a sidewall. The sidewall can include an unformed section and a plurality of projections can extend from the unformed section of the sidewall. The projections can be configured to engage the inner component or the outer component. During use, the torque limiting tolerance ring can move from an engaged configuration, in which the inner component is statically coupled to the outer component, to a disengaged configuration, in which the inner component is disengaged from the outer component.

Abstract: A tolerance ring with a generally cylindrical body having a sidewall, wherein the sidewall includes an undeformed portion and a plurality of wave structures protruding from the undeformed portion. The wave structures each having a feature disconnected from the adjacent sidewall.

Abstract: A tolerance ring with a generally cylindrical body having a sidewall, wherein the sidewall includes an undeformed portion and a plurality of wave structures protruding from the undeformed portion. The wave structures each having a feature disconnected from the adjacent sidewall.

Abstract: A tolerance ring is adapted to be deployed between inner and outer components. The tolerance ring includes a generally cylindrical body. The sidewall can include an undeformed portion. The sidewall can further include a plurality of wave structures. The wave structures can protrude radially from the undeformed portion. Some or all wave structures can protrude inwardly or can protrude outwardly. Furthermore, the tolerance ring when placed in an assembly having an inner component and an outer component can have a first torque break-point T1 in a first rotational direction. A torque break point for an assembly comprising an inner component, an outer component, and a tolerance ring is the torque at which slippage occurs.

Abstract: A tolerance ring can include a generally cylindrical body that can include a sidewall that defines a top and a bottom. The sidewall can include an upper unformed band and a lower unformed band opposite the upper unformed band. A plurality of shoulderless wave structures can protrude radially from the sidewall between the upper unformed band and the lower unformed band. Each shoulderless wave structure can be connected only to the upper unformed band and the lower unformed band. The sidewall of the tolerance ring can also include a plurality of unformed sections and a gap that extends along the entire axial length of the body. Each unformed section can be located between a pair of adjacent shoulderless wave structures. Moreover, the gap can establish a split in the body.

Abstract: A torque limiting tolerance ring that is configured to be installed between an inner component and an outer component is disclosed. The torque limiting tolerance ring can include a generally cylindrical body that can have a sidewall. The sidewall can include an unformed section and a plurality of projections can extend from the unformed section of the sidewall. The projections can be configured to engage the inner component or the outer component. During use, the torque limiting tolerance ring can move from an engaged configuration, in which the inner component is statically coupled to the outer component, to a disengaged configuration, in which the inner component is disengaged from the outer component.

Abstract: A tolerance ring can include a generally cylindrical body that can include a sidewall that defines a top and a bottom. The sidewall can include an upper unformed band and a lower unformed band opposite the upper unformed band. A plurality of shoulderless wave structures can protrude radially from the sidewall between the upper unformed band and the lower unformed band. Each shoulderless wave structure can be connected only to the upper unformed band and the lower unformed band. The sidewall of the tolerance ring can also include a plurality of unformed sections and a gap that extends along the entire axial length of the body. Each unformed section can be located between a pair of adjacent shoulderless wave structures. Moreover, the gap can establish a split in the body.