Abstract: A method of obtaining transuranic elements for nanofuel including: receiving spent nuclear fuel (SNF); separating elements from SNF, including a stream of elements with Z>92, fissile fuel, passive agent, fertile fuel, or fission products; and providing elements. A method of using transuranic elements to create nanofuel, including: receiving, converting, and mixing the transuranic elements with a moderator to obtain nanofuel.

Abstract: A nanofuel engine including receiving nanofuel (including a molecular mixture, where the molecular mixture includes at least one molecule with dimensions on a nanometer scale) internally in an internal engine that releases nuclear energy, is set forth. A nanofuel chemical composition of fissile fuel, passive agent, and moderator. A method of operating a nanofuel engine loaded with nanofuel in spark or compression ignition mode. A method of cycling a nanofuel engine, including compressing nanofuel; igniting nanofuel; capturing energy released in nanofuel, which is also the working fluid; and using the working fluid to perform mechanical work or generate heat.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment can include an apparatus including: an internal-external hybrid nuclear reactor, which can include: at least one reciprocating internal engine; and at least one external reactor integrated with said at least one reciprocating internal engine. The reciprocating engine can receive nanofuel (including moderator, nanoscale molecular dimensions & molecular mixture) internally in an internal combustion engine that releases nuclear energy. A method of operating the hybrid nuclear reactor can include operating the reciprocating internal engine loaded with nanofuel in spark or compression ignition mode. A method of cycling the reciprocating internal engine, can include compressing nanofuel; igniting nanofuel; capturing energy released in nanofuel, which is also the working fluid; and using the working fluid to perform mechanical work or generate heat.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment can include an apparatus including: an internal-external hybrid nuclear reactor, which can include: at least one reciprocating internal engine; and at least one external reactor integrated with said at least one reciprocating internal engine. The reciprocating engine can receive nanofuel (including moderator, nanoscale molecular dimensions & molecular mixture) internally in an internal combustion engine that releases nuclear energy. A method of operating the hybrid nuclear reactor can include operating the reciprocating internal engine loaded with nanofuel in spark or compression ignition mode. A method of cycling the reciprocating internal engine, can include compressing nanofuel; igniting nanofuel; capturing energy released in nanofuel, which is also the working fluid; and using the working fluid to perform mechanical work or generate heat.

Abstract: A nanofuel engine including an inventive nanofuel internal engine, whereby nuclear energy is released in the working fluid and directly converted into useful work, with the qualities of an economical advanced small modular gaseous pulsed thermal reactor. Scientific feasibility is established by studying the behavior of nuclear fuels in configurations designed to support a fission chain reaction. Nanofuel is defined as nuclear fuel suitable for use in an internal engine, comprised of six essential ingredients, and can be created from clean fuel or from the transuranic elements found in light-water reactor spent nuclear fuel in a proliferation resistant manner. Three essential ingredients ensure the nanofuel is inherently stable, due to a negative temperature coefficient of reactivity. Reciprocating and Wankel (rotary) internal engine configurations, which operate in an Otto cycle, are adapted to support a fission chain reaction.

Abstract: A nanofuel engine including receiving nanofuel (including moderator, nanoscale molecular dimensions & molecular mixture) internally in an internal combustion engine that releases nuclear energy, is set forth. A nanofuel chemical composition of fissile fuel, passive agent, and moderator. A method of obtaining transuranic elements for nanofuel including: receiving spent nuclear fuel (SNF); separating elements from SNF, including a stream of elements with Z>92, fissile fuel, passive agent, fertile fuel, or fission products; and providing elements. A method of using transuranic elements to create nanofuel, including: receiving, converting, and mixing the transuranic elements with a moderator to obtain nanofuel. A method of operating a nanofuel engine loaded with nanofuel in spark or compression ignition mode.

Abstract: A nanofuel engine including an inventive nanofuel internal engine, whereby nuclear energy is released in the working fluid and directly converted into useful work, with the qualities of an economical advanced small modular gaseous pulsed thermal reactor. Scientific feasibility is established by studying the behavior of nuclear fuels in configurations designed to support a fission chain reaction. Nanofuel is defined as nuclear fuel suitable for use in an internal engine, comprised of six essential ingredients, and can be created from clean fuel or from the transuranic elements found in light-water reactor spent nuclear fuel in a proliferation resistant manner. Three essential ingredients ensure the nanofuel is inherently stable, due to a negative temperature coefficient of reactivity. Reciprocating and Wankel (rotary) internal engine configurations, which operate in an Otto cycle, are adapted to support a fission chain reaction.

Abstract: A nanofuel engine including receiving nanofuel (including moderator, nanoscale molecular dimensions & molecular mixture) internally in an internal combustion engine that releases nuclear energy, is set forth. A nanofuel chemical composition of fissile fuel, passive agent, and moderator. A method of obtaining transuranic elements for nanofuel including: receiving spent nuclear fuel (SNF); separating elements from SNF, including a stream of elements with Z>92, fissile fuel, passive agent, fertile fuel, or fission products; and providing elements. A method of using transuranic elements to create nanofuel, including: receiving, converting, and mixing the transuranic elements with a moderator to obtain nanofuel. A method of operating a nanofuel engine loaded with nanofuel in spark or compression ignition mode.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for applying multi-layered identification techniques to associate live fireground Asset information (e.g., handheld radio messages, breathing apparatus status data) to identify incident personnel and provide graphical, prioritized Rollcall, personnel accountability, and emergency alert reporting to incident commanders and other personnel. In one aspect, the system may capture, display, and store routine and emergency alerting messages and data received at incidents from handheld radios and other Assets, associate that information with other data to specifically identify first responder personnel, and provide an automated and prioritized Rollcall and personnel accountability report based on received transmissions. The system has applicability for fire departments and fireground usage, as well as other first responders, military personnel operations, and other organizations needing to account for on-scene personnel.

Abstract: A system and method for processing financial payments including a user terminal, an account processor, and a processing server. The processing server receives financial transaction data from the user terminal and communicates with the account processor, the financial transaction data comprising an amount and an account number. The processing server determines which of the account processors corresponds to the financial transaction data and transmits at least part of the financial transaction data to the determined account processor.

Abstract: Device configurations are stored in a system including at least two intelligent field devices (IFDs) connected by a communications connection. A configuration for a first IFD is stored in the first IFD, and a backup of the configuration for the first IFD is stored in at least one other IFD. Storing a configuration for the first IFD may include having the first IFD request a configuration from at least one other IFD using the communications connection, an IFD having a stored backup of the configuration for the first IFD transmitting the backup to the first IFD using the communications connection, and the first IFD receiving the transmitted backup and storing the received backup in the first IFD as the configuration for the first IFD.

Abstract: A customer sends loan information through the Internet to a loan approval system mainframe of a bank. The information is entered into a blank load form displayed on a web site hosted by the loan approval system computer. The loan approval system mainframe produces a loan application and sends the loan application to a credit bureau. The credit bureau determines whether the customer should receive the loan. If the customer is to receive the loan, the loan approval system computer sends the loan application to a loan document creation server coupled to a forms database. The loan document creation server sends the appropriate loan documents and/or check to the customer either physically or electronically. In one embodiment, acceptance of the terms of the loan in the loan documents occurs when the customer cashes the check.