Abstract: The present disclosure provides CRISPR/Cas chain reaction (CCR) systems and methods for amplifying the detection sensitivity of a primary CRISPR-based target detection (CBTD) system for detecting targets. Also described are methods of using CCR systems to amplify the detection sensitivity of primary CBTD systems to detect a target without a target preamplification step. Multiplexed CBTD systems for detecting a target using two different Cas enzyme systems are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems that include a CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzyme with trans cleavage activity; a guide CRISPR RNA (crRNA) including a guide sequence and a polynucleotide extension sequence, wherein the guide sequence is configured to bind to a target polynucleotide, the polynucleotide extension sequence is linked to 3?-end of the guide sequence; and a probe including an oligonucleotide element labeled with a detectable label, wherein a detectable signal or a detectable molecule is generated when the probe is cleaved by the CRISPR-associated enzyme. The present disclosure also provides modified Cas complexes having a crRNA including a guide sequence and a polynucleotide extension sequence as well as modified CRISPR-Cas complexes having a guide crRNA including a guide sequence, an optional extension sequence, a linker sequence, and a complementary sequence, such that a portion of the crRNA sequence forms a toehold conformation at the 3? end of the guide sequence.

Abstract: A system is provided that effectively obviates shortcomings of conventional, diode-ORed, redundant power supply systems by forcing a primary power source to provide power to the system load most the time, even when the primary source provides a lower voltage than that of a secondary power source. This preferential selection of the lower-voltage primary is achieved by interposing a power switching unit between the secondary power source and the ORing diode in front of the load. The power switching unit of the illustrative embodiment comprises a voltage regulator that is regulated at a first voltage level, which is lower than the nominal output voltage level provided by the primary power source. Meanwhile, the primary power source is able to charge the secondary power source, which is a battery in the illustrative embodiment, so that the secondary power source can provide power to the load when the primary power source is either interrupted or falls below the first voltage level.

Abstract: A system is provided that effectively obviates shortcomings of conventional, diode-ORed, redundant power supply systems by forcing a primary power source to provide power to the system load most the time, even when the primary source provides a lower voltage than that of a secondary power source. This preferential selection of the lower-voltage primary is achieved by interposing a power switching unit between the secondary power source and the ORing diode in front of the load. The power switching unit of the illustrative embodiment comprises a voltage regulator that is regulated at a first voltage level, which is lower than the nominal output voltage level provided by the primary power source. Meanwhile, the primary power source is able to charge the secondary power source, which is a battery in the illustrative embodiment, so that the secondary power source can provide power to the load when the primary power source is either interrupted or falls below the first voltage level.

Abstract: A weapons system is disclosed that provides hot-start navigational information to the Global-Positioning-System receivers on missiles prior to flight. The system comprises a Global-Positioning-System receiver that uses a classified red cryptographic key to decode the P(Y) signal from one or more of the Global-Positioning-System constellation of satellites. Once the P(Y) signal is decoded, one or more characteristics of the P(Y) signal is derived. These characteristics of the signal—and some other information including a black cryptographic key that comprises the red cryptographic key—are then provided to the Global-Positioning-System receivers on missiles prior to flight. By giving the missiles this information, the missiles are able to acquire the P(Y) signals, which enables them to determine their position more quickly than they otherwise could.

Abstract: A circuit for starting and operating a discharge lamp, such as a compact fluorescent lamp, at high frequency from a 60 Hz AC supply. The circuit includes a DC power supply coupled to a pair of AC input terminals for generating a DC voltage. An oscillator coupled to the DC power supply includes a pair of semiconductor transistors and a drive transformer having a primary winding and at least one secondary winding. A load coupled to the output of the oscillator comprises a series combination of the primary winding of the drive transformer and a tank circuit including a tank inductor and a tank capacitor. Suitable means for connecting a discharge lamp in parallel with the tank capacitor is provided. An oscillator sensing and controlling circuit responsive to various lamp failure modes is coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer and reduces the output of the oscillator after a predetermined time delay by shunting the base of either one of the semiconductor switches of the oscillator.

Abstract: An arrangement includes a network for connection between an AC power supply and the input of a DC power supply containing rectifiers and a filter capacitor. The network forms a third order, damped low-pass filter that waveshapes the AC input current so as to either reduce or remove the magnitude of harmonics which primarily cause distortion of the input current waveform. In a preferred embodiment, the waveshaping network includes an inductor connected in series with the input of the DC power supply. A series combination of a damping resistor and a first capacitor is connected in parallel with the series inductor. A second capacitor is connected in shunt with the input terminals of the DC power supply. The waveshaping network increases the power factor and lowers the total harmonic distortion the input of the DC power supply presents to the AC power supply.

Abstract: An arrangement includes a network for connection between an AC power supply and the input of a DC power supply containing rectifiers and a filter capacitor. The network forms a fourth order, damped lowpass filter that waveshapes the AC input current so as to either reduce or remove the magnitude of harmonics which primarily cause distortion of the input current waveform. In one embodiment, the waveshaping network includes a tapped inductor connected in series with the input of the DC power supply. A series combination of a damping resistor and a first capacitor is connected in parallel with the series inductor. One end of a second capacitor is connected to the tap of the inductor. The waveshaping network increases the power factor and lowers the total harmonic distortion the input of the DC power supply presents to the AC power supply.

Abstract: A circuit for starting and operating a discharge lamp, such as a compact fluorescent lamp, at high frequency from an 60 Hz AC supply. The circuit includes a DC power supply coupled to a pair of AC input terminals for generating a DC voltage. An oscillator coupled to the DC power supply includes a drive transformers having a primary winding. A load coupled to the output of the oscillator comprises a series combination of the primary winding of the drive transformer and a tank circuit including a tank inductor and a tank capacitor. Suitable means for connecting a discharge lamp in parallel with the tank capacitor is provided. A voltage sensing circuit responsive to failure of the lamp, is coupled to an oscillator controlling circuit which reduces the output of the oscillator after a predetermined time delay by shunting the drive transformer. Upon replacement of the failed lamp, normal operation of the oscillator is resumed without having to disconnect the AC supply.

Abstract: A circuit for starting and operating a discharge lamp, such as a compact fluorescent lamp, at high frequency from an 60 Hz AC supply. The circuit includes a power supply for generating a DC voltage coupled to a pair of AC input terminals. A DC/AC converter includes an oscillator having a pair of semiconductor switches coupled in parallel with the DC power supply. an oscillator starting circuit is coupled to one of the semiconductor switches and includes a series circuit comprising a resistor, capacitor and threshold element. The input of the oscillator starting circuit is coupled to one of the AC input terminals so as to prevent a momentary flicker in the lamp after the AC supply is removed and the lamp has extinguished. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the oscillator includes fusible circuit elements which render the oscillator inoperable upon failure of the lamp due to depletion of emissive material on at least one of the lamp electrodes.