Abstract: A viscosity modifying agent is added to a concrete mixture to give the concrete desirable rheological properties. The viscosity modifying agent is incorporated into a foam admixture before it is mixed into the concrete. Because the viscosity modifying agent is a component of the foam admixture, the viscosity modifying agent is dispersed in the aqueous film that forms the foam bubbles. The viscosity modifier in the foam bubbles gives the foam beneficial rheological properties. The viscosity modifier performs more efficiently when included in the foam bubbles as compared to being mixed directly into the concrete. The foam bubbles containing the viscosity modifier can be stabilized using a fluorochemical stabilizer, which is included in the foam admixture. The foam bubbles can be further stabilized with respect to cement mixtures by including a hydration stabilizing in the cement mixture.

Abstract: Flowable concrete mixtures have an aqueous foam admixture mixed therein to give the concrete mixture desired strength, flowability, and density. The concrete mixtures include a hydration stabilizer to stabilize the aqueous foam. The hydration stabilizer inhibits the reaction between the hydraulic cement and the water in the aqueous foam. The aqueous foam can be further stabilized using a fluorochemical surfactant. Preferred fluorochemical surfactants comprise an oligomer having at least one hydrophilic nonionic monomer and at least one hydrophilic anionic monomer.

Abstract: Concrete mixtures are manufactured to include high carbon pozzolans and a foam admixture (for air entrainment). The foam bubbles in the foam admixture are stabilized in the presence of the high carbon fly ash by a fluorochemical surfactant. The fluorochemical surfactant preferably comprises an oligomer comprising hydrophilic nonionic monomers and hydrophilic anionic monomers. The high carbon pozzolans can preferably have an LOI greater than between about 1.5% and about 6.0%, without substantially affecting the durability of the foam bubbles in the concrete mixture.