Abstract: An electrochemical separation device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a cell stack including alternating depleting compartments and concentrating compartments disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, an inlet manifold configured to introduce a fluid to one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments an outlet manifold, and one or more of a fluid flow director disposed within the inlet manifold and having a surface configured to alter a flow path of the fluid introduced into the inlet manifold and direct the fluid into the one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments, and a second fluid flow director disposed within the outlet manifold and having a surface configured to alter a flow path of the fluid introduced into the outlet manifold via one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments.

Abstract: An electrochemical separation device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a cell stack including alternating depleting compartments and concentrating compartments disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, an inlet manifold configured to introduce a fluid to one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments an outlet manifold, and one or more of a fluid flow director disposed within the inlet manifold and having a surface configured to alter a flow path of the fluid introduced into the inlet manifold and direct the fluid into the one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments, and a second fluid flow director disposed within the outlet manifold and having a surface configured to alter a flow path of the fluid introduced into the outlet manifold via one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments.

Abstract: An electrochemical separation device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a cell stack including alternating depleting compartments and concentrating compartments disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, an inlet manifold configured to introduce a fluid to one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments an outlet manifold, and one or more of a fluid flow director disposed within the inlet manifold and having a surface configured to alter a flow path of the fluid introduced into the inlet manifold and direct the fluid into the one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments, and a second fluid flow director disposed within the outlet manifold and having a surface configured to alter a flow path of the fluid introduced into the outlet manifold via one of the depleting compartments or the concentrating compartments.

Abstract: A capillary tip for deforming a bonding wire during bonding of the wire to a bonding surface comprises a bottom face along an inner periphery of the capillary tip for pressing the bonding wire against a bonding surface, an outer radius along an outer periphery of the capillary tip, and includes a first inclined face adjacent to the bottom face and extending obliquely to the bottom face as well as a second inclined face adjacent to the first inclined face and extending obliquely to the first inclined face.

Abstract: A process for bonding insulated wires is provided wherein a conforming free air ball is formed from an insulated wire to create a ball bond. A tip of the insulated wire is first positioned close to an electronic flame-off device and a first electric discharge is produced from the electronic flame-off device to melt the tip of the insulated wire and produce a pilot ball. The electric discharge is then terminated. A second electric discharge is then generated to produce the conforming free air ball, and thereafter, the conforming free air ball is attached to a bonding surface to create the ball bond.

Abstract: A capillary tip for deforming a bonding wire during bonding of the wire to a bonding surface comprises a bottom face along an inner periphery of the capillary tip for pressing the bonding wire against a bonding surface, an outer radius along an outer periphery of the capillary tip, and includes a first inclined face adjacent to the bottom face and extending obliquely to the bottom face as well as a second inclined face adjacent to the first inclined face and extending obliquely to the first inclined face.