Abstract: Current electronic cards, such as, for example, proximity cards, smartcards for short, can transmit data to a reader unit over a range of up to about 10 cm. Boosters are used to improve convenience which in essence represent a wireless extension. This is however not adequate with regards to autonomy, function (as a result of termination) and for the differing applications. A method is disclosed in which the transmission of service-specific codes, stored on a number of different smartcards, to a portable device is carried out. The portable device then transmits one or more of the codes via several different communication connections so that access to a service can be activated. By providing services to the corresponding authorized communication connection a modular system is achieved, permitting multiple access for a user to services.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for disconnection of a fault current which has occurred in an AC power supply system. A disconnection command which is produced in a protective device is supplied to a synchronization controller in order to open a circuit breaker, in which synchronization controller a command is delayed until the circuit breaker can be opened in synchronism with the power supply system. The method includes monitoring of the disconnection command emitted from the protective device and monitoring a fault-current signal, or a status signal emitted from the circuit breaker, and formation of an emergency disconnection command if the fault-current signal or the status signal is still present following a delay time after emission of the disconnection command, which delay time is greater than a sum of a natural response time of the circuit breaker and a time for quenching of a switching arc produced on opening of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a coded information to a user via a graphical display. The method comprises the step of obtaining coded information by a scanner, which has to be positioned near the graphical display. The coded information is transmitted to a number of code points that are arranged in the direction of the fast refresh rate of the display.

Abstract: The switchgear assembly has a polyphase design and has a gas-filled, modular encapsulation for each phase. Provided as the modules are at least one busbar (51, 52), which is guided predominantly horizontally, a circuit breaker (10) and two combined disconnecting-earthing switches (71, 72, 73) of identical design and having a disconnection and grounding function. A first one (71) of the combined disconnecting-earthing switches supports a section of the busbar (51) and is connected between the busbar (51) and a first current terminal (11) of the circuit breaker (10). The second combined disconnecting-earthing switch (73) is connected between an outgoing feeder (60) or a further busbar of the assembly and the second current terminal (12) of the circuit breaker (10). The combined disconnecting-earthing switches (71, 72, 73) are aligned such that two drive apparatuses (81, 82, 83), which are provided for their actuation, point in the same, predominantly horizontal direction.

Abstract: A method for setting up a secure communication line between a user and a service provider using non-secure communication channels within an insecure network, comprising the steps of transmitting an identity token from a user station to a service provider station both coupled to the insecure network; upon reception of the identity token, triggering the creation of a secret URL by the service provider station; transmitting the secret URL within a secure side channel to the user station; obtaining, within the user station, the secret URL, and setting-up a new communication path in the insecure network linking the user and the service provider station based on said secret URL. Beside discarding a man-in-the-middle by denying him access to the data flow it is also possible to stop him through denying him access to the content of the data flow. Such access can be denied through use of a one-time codebook with semantics only known to the User and the authentication service provider.

Abstract: A method to conduct fingerprint verification provides a sector distribution based on the position and angle of every minutiae vector, wherein the number of further minutiae vectors of the template in any sector of the sector distribution is determined and a feature vector is generated for every minutiae vector of both templates. The two feature arrays are matched by calculating the scalar product for every combination of said vectors generating a matrix. Mated pairs of minutiae from the first second template are found by searching the maximum element in every column of the matrix finally issuing a value representing identification information of the fingerprint. Additionally a false finger identification method and a fingerprint verification system are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an authentication system having a security apparatus which can check all three authenticating factor types for authentications (personal subject matter, secret, biometric characteristic), having an authorizing device and having a certifying institution, in which case their private keys, the public keys on the subscribing authorizing devices and the public keys of the connected users can be stored in this certifying institution. Furthermore, authentication means are provided there, by means of which an appropriately coded report can be produced, which can be passed via the authorizing device to the user. The user decodes this message and transmits the resultant authorization code via the authorizing device to the certifying institution. After checking the code in this certifying institution, a response which comprises confirmation or rejection is transmitted to the authorizing device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a security device (10) for online transaction between a service provider equipped with a computer (15) and operator equipped with a computerised station comprising a display (16) and a keyboard (18). The device essentially comprises: a signal receiving element (22) designed to be pressed against said display (16) for receiving a signal coming from said computer (15), said signal being processed to generate a code, and communication means (24) to provide the operator with access to said code. It further comprises a biometric sensor (26) adapted to acquire data concerning the operator, and a locking and unlocking member arranged between the signal receiving element (22) and the communication means (24), the code being accessible only in case of conformity between the read fingerprint and the stored imprint.

Abstract: The gas-insulated, metal-enclosed switchgear assembly contains two, three or more switchpanels, each having a multipole power breaker (CB.sub.1, CB.sub.2, CB.sub.3, CB.sub.4) as well as isolating and grounding switches per switch pole (CB.sub.1R) and is designed like a ring or in a 11/2 power-breaker circuit. The switch poles of the power breakers are each of identical design and are arranged parallel to one another. The switchpanels each have one current path of U-shaped design per phase in a vertical plane, in which current path the base of the U contains a vertically aligned pole of the power breaker, and the two limbs of the U each contain an electrical connection of the power breaker and an isolating as well as a grounding switch. The upper limbs of the U of one of the switchpanels are connected phase-by-phase to the lower limbs (S.sub.u) of another of the switchpanels, by means of respective single-phase gas pipelines (L.sub.12 (R), L.sub.23 (R), L.sub.

Abstract: Extending between a fixed tulip contact (1) and a slide tulip (4) is an arcing chamber (5) which is occupied in the closed position by a movable contact pin (3) which fills up both an exhaust (9) surrounded by the slide tulip (4) and a blowout opening (7) which is surrounded by the tulip contact (1) and connects the arcing chamber (5) to a pressure chamber (6). The arcing chamber (5) is surrounded by an annular heating volume (13) open toward the same. Arranged in the pressure chamber (6) is a charge (10) of explosive which is for the most part converted within approximately 10-30 ms after ignition to extinguishing gas, preferably predominantly nitrogen, the gas pressure moving the contact pin (3) toward the open position. After clearance of the blowout opening (7) and the exhaust (9), the arc drawn between the contact pin (3) and tulip contact (1) is blown out, something which is supported by the pressure buildup, to which the arc contributes, in the heating volume (13).

Abstract: The power breaker is provided with a contact arrangement which is equipped with erosion-resistant contact members and has a stationary contact member (4), a contact member (4) which can move along a central axis (6) and an insulating nozzle (6) which concentrically surrounds the contact members (3, 4) and has a constriction (6). The insulating nozzle (6) is manufactured from an erosion-resistant plastic and is structured such that erosion channels which are formed run at right angles to the direction of the electrical field load. This insulating nozzle emits gases during disconnection, which particularly effectively support the production of blowing pressure in the arc zone.

Abstract: This power breaker has an arcing chamber which is filled with an insulating medium and extends along a central axis (2). This arcing chamber is provided with a power current path which has two erosion contact arrangements (5, 6) which are arranged on the central axis (2), are at a constant distance from one another in the axial direction and bound an arcing zone. The arcing chamber also has a heating area (13), which is connected to the arcing zone, and a bridging contact which electrically conductively connects the erosion contact arrangements (5, 6) in the connected state. The bridging contact is arranged centrally in the interior of the erosion contact arrangements (5, 6). An annular gap (36) is provided between the erosion contact arrangements (5, 6) and opens directly into the heating area (13). In this power breaker, the flow behavior is significantly improved in the region between the arcing zone and the heating area (13).