Abstract: The surgical microscope with a stand, the microscope having altogether up to six degrees of freedom and being fixed on the microscope mounting by means of elements of the stand which has two vertical pivoting axes and for the height adjustment a parallelogram linkage with weight compensation is distinguished by the fact that the microscope is mounted on the stand by means of a third vertical axis, a first further axis perpendicular to said third vertical axis and a second further axis perpendicular to the first further axis, the further axes being designed such that they are essentially perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope objective and can be adjusted by motor, and the further axis that is closer to the microscope permitting a lateral pivoting of the viewing direction and the further axis that is arranged between the third vertical axis and the further axis that is closer to the microscope permitting a pivoting of the viewing direction forward/backward or upward/downward.

Abstract: The surgical microscope with a stand, the microscope having altogether up to six degrees of freedom and being fixed on the microscope mounting by means of elements of the stand which has two vertical pivoting axes and for the height adjustment a parallelogram linkage with weight compensation is distinguished by the fact that the microscope is mounted on the stand by means of a third vertical axis, a first further axis perpendicular to said third vertical axis and a second further axis perpendicular to the first further axis, the further axes being designed such that they are essentially perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope objective and can be adjusted by motor, and the further axis that is closer to the microscope permitting a lateral pivoting of the viewing direction and the further axis that is arranged between the third vertical axis and the further axis that is closer to the microscope permitting a pivoting of the viewing direction forward/backward or upward/downward.

Abstract: An optical system for a stereoscopic surgical microscope for interchanging two light rays parallel to the optical centre axis with simultaneous image reversion for both rays without parallel offset of the emerging pair of rays with respect to the entering pair of rays, comprising elements reflecting on one side and two elements reflecting in parallel on both sides, all of which are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. Each of the elements reflecting on both sides reflects the incident ray with its front side via the elements reflecting on one side to the rear side of the respectively other elements reflecting on both sides. All the optical elements are configured as flat, superficially mirror-coated mirrors, so that their substrate lies completely outside the path of rays.

Abstract: In order to better cover the operating field with a stereoscopic operating microscope in connection with a television camera, the operating microscope is provided with a beam divider, whose two beam divider elements (2, 2') inserted into the parallel optical path of the two optical viewing paths (1,1') are disposed in such a way relative to each other that the ray bundles (4,4') deflected by the beam divider elements (2,2') intersect at least once in one plane and are reflected once on reflecting elements (5,5') disposed vertically to this plane, before the ray bundles (4,4') impinge upon image-recording chips (7,7') of camera systems.

Abstract: The phoropter is provided with a rotating knob means for selecting specific types of functions (12,13,14), the angular position being picked up by means of a pulse generator, e.g.

Abstract: In order to achieve an ergonomically and medically correct sitting position for the surgeon in every working position, the surgeon's chair is constructed in such a way that an adaptation to the frequently changing position of the surgeon is possible, for which purpose a vertically adjustable and horizontally displaceable seat is mounted on a column with a detachable backrest and with articulated arms with armrests arranged lattery to the seat and transferrable into various angular positions, in which chair the articulated arms are transferrable into optimal angles of inclination by means of two hinges and, over and above that, are transferrable as far as into the lateral area of the backrest when a sitting position facing the backrest has to be assumed.

Abstract: The load-locking joint, which is particularly suitable as a suspension mount for surgery microscopes, comprises a joint ball mounted in a housing and having a shaped-on hinge pin or rod, whose free mobility can be inhibited in its mount by mechanical clamping elements. The self-locking action is brought about in that the clamping elements engage on the spherical surface of the ball and during the rotation of the joint ball are carried along on said side, but are supported on a fixed abutment on the other side, the length between the point on the joint ball and the support point increasing with a slope, whose tangent is smaller than the friction coefficient.

Abstract: The subassembly arranged between a zoom system and the ocular telescope of a stereoscopic surgery microscope for eye surgery comprises a prism system, arranged in a casing, for a complete image reversal with a beam displacement and a direction-invariable optical path, it being possible to move the prism system out of the optical path between the zoom system and the ocular telescope for eliminating image reversal.

Abstract: In a device for converting electric signals into pneumatic signals, a soft-iron core (3) and a coil (2) are arranged stationary. The soft-iron core has an air gap (7) between two pole shoes (5, 6). A permanent magnet (8) is movably arranged within this gap (7) or directly in front of it. The permanent magnet can be fastened, for instance, to one lever arm of a rocker (9). The other lever arm of the rocker (9) is then developed as baffle plate (11) adapted to throttle the stream of air emerging from a pneumatic nozzle (12) to a greater or lesser extent depending on the position of the rocker. The dynamic pressure of this stream of air is fed via a booster (15) to an outlet (20).

Abstract: A device for converting a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure into an electrical current and vice versa according to the compensation principle, with a pressure transducer with a pressure-dependent moveable element, an electromagnetic force transducer, the moveable part of which force transducer standing in connection with the element, and a position indicator transmitter which converts the movement of the pressure transducer into an electrical or pneumatic control signal for the force- or pressure transducer. As a pressure transducer, there are provided two bellows with slightly different operative or effective surfaces which respectively are each fixed on one end and with their other ends stand in connection with one another and with the moveable element and are subjected to the same pressure.