Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, including receiving, by a wireless device of a first wireless network, a control request frame from a second access node of a second wireless network, the control request frame including at least a number of nulls for the wireless device. The wireless device selects a subset of antenna elements, wherein the number of antenna elements is in accordance with the number of nulls for the wireless device, and the antenna elements are selected based on reception powers of antenna elements of at least a frame from a first access node of the first wireless network and/or the second access node of the second wireless network. The wireless device transmits a control response frame with the selected antenna elements, and a data frame to the first access node with the selected antenna elements.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of channel coordination in the unlicensed spectrum. The method comprises receiving, at a first device and from a plurality of second devices, information about carrier sensing to be performed by the plurality of the second devices; determining a transmission pattern for a target second device of the plurality of the devices based on the information about the carrier sensing and information about time sensitive traffic of the plurality of the second devices, the transmission pattern including at least a sensing period for transmission of time sensitive traffic of the target second device and a muting period of the target second device; and transmitting a first message indicative of the transmission pattern to the target second device. In this way, the interoperability of the TSN network device and the normal network device can be efficiently improved in an industrial automation scenario.

Abstract: Method for channel contention and data frame transmission in a wireless network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising measuring a first power value in a first channel before transmitting a first signal in a second channel A first transmit power value is then determined for transmitting the first signal in the second channel. In addition, a second power value in the first channel is estimated, while transmitting the first signal in the second channel, wherein the second power value is estimated based on at least the measured first power value and the first transmit power value. Further, a third power value is measured in the first channel, while transmitting the first signal in the second channel.

Abstract: A node configured to support a method of communicating between two nodes in the unlicensed spectrum is disclosed where a channel can be simultaneously used for downlink and uplink communication. The method performed at a node involves assessing at that node, for example, a UE, that there is a transmission to be made to a further node, for example a gNB. The first node receives an indication that communication with the further node is supportable on a channel within an unlicensed spectrum using flexible frequency division duplex (FDD) techniques. The first node determines whether transmission by the further node is being made within a first portion of the channel within the unlicensed spectrum; and if so, transmits to the further node within a second portion of the channel which does not overlap with the first.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device, method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium of power control of spatial reuse for supporting TSC in the unlicensed band. The method comprises in accordance with a determination that a sounding packet is transmitted from a second device, determining CSI of channels between the second device and the third device; determining, at least partially based on the CSI, an applicable transmitting power for a first transmission from the first device to a fourth device during a second transmission for a reception of the feedback of the at least one packet sent from a third device to the second device; and performing the first transmission based on the applicable transmitting power during the second transmission. In this way, a transmission of DL TSC packets that has a time scheduling requirement in contrast with the spatial reuse time window can be achieved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device, method, apparatus and computer readable storage media of reactive jamming detection. The method comprises in accordance with a determination that an interference to the first device is to be detected, determining at least one set of actual receiving powers at the first device on a bandwidth and a frequency of a channel associated with a transmission of the first device within a time interval; determining at least one set of reference receiving powers at the first device on the bandwidth and the frequency; and in accordance with a determination that a difference between the at least one set of reference receiving powers and the at least one set of actual receiving powers exceeds a threshold difference, determining the first device is interfered by reactive jamming.

Abstract: A method of communicating between nodes on a plurality of channels within the unlicensed spectrum is disclosed where coordination of the acquiring of the different channels is provided so that a further channel is acquired prior to the occupancy time of the currently used channel expiring. The method involves determining at one node that a channel in the unlicensed band has been acquired for a predetermined occupancy time. Initiating a scan of at least one further channel within the unlicensed spectrum to determine if a further channel is available. Once a predetermined time has passed and within the predetermined occupancy time, acquiring the available channel by transmitting a signal on it.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: occupying a first channel for data transmission between a first multi-link device (MLD) and a second MLD for a first channel occupation period (COP), transmitting a measurement request to a subset of MLDs to perform channel measurements on at least two channels during the first COP, transmitting at least one data message to the second MLD during the first COP, receiving, after transmission of the at least one data message, at least one channel status report comprising channel status information from at least one MLD of the subset of MLDs during the first COP, and selecting a channel, among the at least two channels, for data transmission between the first MLD and an MLD for a second COP, wherein the selection is based at least partly on the channel status report.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving control information including a slot format indicator configured to indicate scheduled channel usage for time units, wherein the slot format indicator includes at least one indicator configured to indicate that simultaneous uplink and downlink communications are scheduled to occur on a shared channel in at least one of the time units; and determining a type of channel sensing to use prior to initiating an uplink transmission on at least a portion of the shared channel based, at least in part, on the control information, wherein determining a type of channel sensing to use comprises analysing the scheduled channel usage for, at least, the time unit in which the uplink transmission is scheduled to be initiated and the time unit before the time unit in which

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for decoding frames received via multiple links. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a wireless network includes: decoding at least a first part of a first frame received on a first channel; detecting, during said decoding the first part of the first frame, transmission of a second frame on a second channel; in response to said detecting, buffering at least a first part of the second frame, the first part of the second frame including duration information; after said decoding the first part of the first frame, decoding at least the first part of the second frame; updating, on the basis of the duration information, channel occupation information of the second channel; starting, based at least partly on the channel occupation information of the second channel indicating that the second channel not occupied, contention for channel access on the second channel.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for sharing a transmission opportunity in a wireless network. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a first wireless network includes determining a plurality of devices of a second wireless network for null steering; transmitting a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating a transmission period for data frame transfer between the apparatus and another apparatus of the first wireless network, a spatial reuse opportunity for the second wireless network during the transmission period, and an additional period preceding the transmission period; receiving, from at least one device of the second wireless network during the additional period, a channel state frame; and performing, based on the channel state frame, null steering towards the at least one device during the transmission period.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of channel coordination in the unlicensed spectrum. The method comprises receiving, at a first device and from a plurality of second devices, information about carrier sensing to be performed by the plurality of the second devices; determining a transmission pattern for a target second device of the plurality of the devices based on the information about the carrier sensing and information about time sensitive traffic of the plurality of the second devices, the transmission pattern including at least a sensing period for transmission of time sensitive traffic of the target second device and a muting period of the target second device; and transmitting a first message indicative of the transmission pattern to the target second device. In this way, the interoperability of the TSN network device and the normal network device can be efficiently improved in an industrial automation scenario.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that interference may occur in a wireless network an apparatus is connected to, obtaining a first link that is of a first type, obtaining a second link that is of a second type, determining data to be transmitted from the apparatus to another apparatus connected to the wireless network, determining that a transmission occurs in the first link and transmitting the data in the second link, wherein the transmission in the first link has a longer duration than transmitting the data in the second link and the transmission in the first link and transmitting the data in the second link overlap in time.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, including receiving, by a wireless device of a first wireless network, a control request frame from a second access node of a second wireless network, the control request frame including at least a number of nulls for the wireless device. The wireless device selects a subset of antenna elements, wherein the number of antenna elements is in accordance with the number of nulls for the wireless device, and the antenna elements are selected based on reception powers of antenna elements of at least a frame from a first access node of the first wireless network and/or the second access node of the second wireless network. The wireless device transmits a control response frame with the selected antenna elements, and a data frame to the first access node with the selected antenna elements.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for sharing a transmission opportunity in a wireless network. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a first wireless network: includes determining a plurality of devices of a second wireless network for null steering; transmitting a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating a transmission period for data frame transfer between the apparatus and another apparatus of the first wireless network, a spatial reuse opportunity for the second wireless network during the transmission period, and an additional period preceding the transmission period; receiving, from at least one device of the second wireless network during the additional period, a channel state frame; and performing, based on the channel state frame, null steering towards the at least one device during the transmission period.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for enabling spatial cooperation in a hidden node scenario. According to an aspect, a method comprises: detecting, by a station of a first wireless network managed by a first access node, that a second access node of a second wireless network is hidden to the first access node; in response to the detecting, transmitting by the station a spatial cooperation request message to the second access node; receiving, by the station from the second access node as a response to the spatial cooperation request message, a spatial cooperation response message comprising at least one information element acknowledging spatial cooperation; after receiving the spatial cooperation response message, receiving by the station a frame from the first access node while the second access node is transmitting another frame and while null steering is performed between the apparatus and the second access node.

Abstract: A base station for a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array receives a message that includes information identifying the transmitting and receiving nodes. Based on whether the base station has access to up-to-date channel covariance matrices for the nodes, the base station selectively performs a clear channel assessment in an unlicensed frequency band concurrently with placing nulls in directions associated with the nodes. In some cases, the up-to-date channel covariance matrices are used to place nulls in the directions associated with the nodes concurrently with performing the clear channel assessment in response to the up-to-date channel covariance matrices being available to the base station. Placement of nulls in the directions associated with the nodes is bypassed in response to the up-to-date channel covariance matrices not being available to the base station.

Abstract: A method of scheduling user equipment, a multiple antenna network node and computer program are disclosed. The method comprises: estimating at least one access network node channel within the unlicensed band between at least one access node operable to transmit in the unlicensed band, such as a WiFi Access Point, and the multiple antenna network node. Estimating a plurality of user equipment channels within the unlicensed band between a plurality of user equipment and the multiple antenna network node. Determining a degree of channel correlation of each of the plurality of user equipment channels and the at least one access node channel. Selecting at least one of the multiple user equipment to be scheduled, using the degree of channel correlation as a selection parameter, a lower degree of channel correlation increasing a user equipment's chance of being selected. In this manner the interference that LTE transmissions from and to scheduled UEs create on the at least one access node is reduced.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for performing inter-network beamforming cooperation. According to an aspect, a method comprises: establishing, by a first access node of a first wireless network, inter-network beamforming with a second access node of a second wireless network and acquiring, during the establishment, information indicating that at least one station of the second wireless network has added an identifier of the first access node to a beamforming address set; transmitting, by the first access node, an announcement frame indicating the at least one station of the second wireless network; transmitting, by the first access node, a channel sounding signal; receiving, by the first access node, a beamforming report comprising channel state information from the at least one station of the second wireless network; and performing, by the first access node, null steering beamforming transmission in the first wireless network on the basis of the received channel state information.