Abstract: Beam configuration optimization is disclosed. A network node device may determine a grid of beams. The grid of beams is determined to maximize a fairness function of an estimated received power of at least two of the beams of the grid of beams that are optimal for each client device of a plurality of client devices.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining elevation angle information for a plurality of user devices, wherein the elevation angle information includes, for each of the plurality of user devices, a best or preferred beam elevation angle used or applied by a network node for communication with the user device; estimating an elevation angle distribution for the plurality of user devices based on the collected elevation angle information; determining, based on the elevation angle distribution, a set of analog beamforming weights to be used for hybrid beamforming, wherein each analog beamforming weight of the set of analog beamforming weights is associated with an analog elevation angle; and adjusting the set of analog beamforming weights based on at least one of a set of pre-tilt angle beamforming weights or an estimated (or an estimate of) mechanical downtilt angle.

Abstract: A first base station and a central entity for use in a radio access network implementing a dual/multiconnectivity scheme where the first base station is caused to split downlink data associated with a plurality of user devices between a first path through the first base station and a second path through the at least one second base station. The splitting comprises a plurality of reinforcement learning agents associated with the plurality of user devices. The reinforcement learning agents apply a current common neural network policy to select a path amongst the first and the second paths based on observed performance metrics of the first and second paths and to generate a reward associated with the selected path and send their experiences to the central entity. The central entity updates the common neural network policy based on the received experiences. The central unit can be implemented in a RIC.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media for joint user scheduling and analog beam choice in hybrid beamforming are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform computing a maximum number of physical resource blocks, PRBs, that can be assigned to a specific user using a specific beam out of a plurality of users and a plurality of beams The apparatus can also calculate a maximum value of a first beam proportional fair, PF, metric and the corresponding beam and users The apparatus can also calculate a maximum value of a second beam proportional fair, PF, metric and the corresponding beam and users The apparatus can also select one of the RT-heuristic or Pmax-heuristic, and perform beam and user scheduling based on information regarding the corresponding beam and users according to the selected RT-heuristic or Pmax-heuristic.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising circuitry configured to: determine at least one parameter used to determine an energy cap for a time period for at least one network node within a cluster of at least one network node comprising the at least one network node; determine the energy cap for the time period for the at least one network node within the cluster, based on the at least one parameter; wherein the energy cap for the time period for the at least one network node is determined so that energy consumed by the cluster during a time window comprising multiple time periods does not exceed an energy constraint, the multiple time periods comprising the time period; and transmit the energy cap for the time period to the at least one network node within the cluster at a beginning of the time period.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising circuitry configured to: determine at least one parameter used to determine an energy cap for a time period for at least one network node within a cluster of at least one network node comprising the at least one network node; determine the energy cap for the time period for the at least one network node within the cluster, based on the at least one parameter; wherein the energy cap for the time period for the at least one network node is determined so that energy consumed by the cluster during a time window comprising multiple time periods does not exceed an energy constraint, the multiple time periods comprising the time period; and transmit the energy cap for the time period to the at least one network node within the cluster at a beginning of the time period.

Abstract: To provide fairness between served apparatuses while keeping radio frequency exposure below a defined limit, an apparatus collects, per a sampling period, historical data on tokens at the sampling period, the historical data including at least number of tokens requested during the sampling period, wherein a token is indicative of an amount of radiated power for transmission of a data element. The collected historical data is transmitted to a wireless network. The wireless network determines hindsight based estimations for maximum token consumptions that should have been allowed, and then determines for a control policy, using at least numbers of tokens requested in the historical data received and corresponding hindsight based estimations determined, updated weight values, and transmit them to the apparatus. The apparatus then updates its control policy correspondingly, applies it, collects historical data, and transmits it to the wireless network to obtain updated weight values.

Abstract: Beam and antenna array split configuration optimization is disclosed. A network node device generates a beam dictionary defining a set of beams. The network node device estimates a traffic density distribution for a radio channel based on obtained channel quality information. The network node device determines, for each of at least two array split configurations associated with a transceiver antenna array of the network node device, a set of optimal beams from the beam dictionary that optimizes a utility function, based on the estimated traffic density distribution. The network node device selects an array split configuration that maximizes the utility function across a coverage area of a radio cell associated with the network node device. The network node device applies the selected array split configuration to the transceiver antenna array in response to evaluating that the selected array split configuration improves downlink performance.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for determining a radio transmission power threshold are disclosed. At least some of the example embodiments described herein may allow improving resource usage by serving a maximum amount of traffic and not wasting resources, while also ensuring the possibility of serving a minimum traffic level.

Abstract: An apparatus, having: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: collecting traffic information indicative of user radio conditions within a cell group having at least one cell; and determining, from the traffic information, a plurality of time windows, the plurality of time windows having different specified user traffic load threshold conditions for switching off and switching on of cells within the cell group.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining elevation angle information for a plurality of user devices, wherein the elevation angle information includes, for each of the plurality of user devices, a best or preferred beam elevation angle used or applied by a network node for communication with the user device; estimating an elevation angle distribution for the plurality of user devices based on the collected elevation angle information; determining, based on the elevation angle distribution, a set of analog beamforming weights to be used for hybrid beamforming, wherein each analog beamforming weight of the set of analog beamforming weights is associated with an analog elevation angle; and adjusting the set of analog beamforming weights based on at least one of a set of pre-tilt angle beamforming weights or an estimated (or an estimate of) mechanical downtilt angle.

Abstract: A method includes determining, for a Bayesian model, a search region for determining a pair of thresholds having a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold, wherein the minimum threshold value deactivating at least one cell of a group of cells and the maximum value activating at least one cell of the group, defining the search region to have a starting point in which the pair of thresholds has values corresponding to the cells included in the group being activated during a deployment period and the values increase in the search region, retrieving a key performance indicator, associated with the group of cells, collected during latest deployment period, retrieving a value of the minimum threshold and a value of the maximum threshold applied during the latest deployment period and converting the retrieved values, and updating based on the key performance indicator and the retrieved and converted values.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for determining a radio transmission power threshold are disclosed. At least some of the example embodiments described herein may allow improving resource usage by serving a maximum amount of traffic and not wasting resources, while also ensuring the possibility of serving a minimum traffic level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining open loop power control parameters. A first set of key performance indicators associated with a first set of open loop power control parameters is obtained from one or more first base stations. A statistical model is determined based at least partly on the first set of key performance indicators and the first set of open loop power control parameters. A second set of open loop power control parameters is determined based at least partly on the statistical model.

Abstract: Beam and antenna array split configuration optimization is disclosed. A network node device generates a beam dictionary defining a set of beams. The network node device estimates a traffic density distribution for a radio channel based on obtained channel quality information. The network node device determines, for each of at least two array split configurations associated with a transceiver antenna array of the network node device, a set of optimal beams from the beam dictionary that optimizes a utility function, based on the estimated traffic density distribution. The network node device selects an array split configuration that maximizes the utility function across a coverage area of a radio cell associated with the network node device. The network node device applies the selected array split configuration to the transceiver antenna array in response to evaluating that the selected array split configuration improves downlink performance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are proposed for computing a power reduction policy to control radio emissions of a base station over a time window, with the objective to keep the time-averaged radio emissions over the time window below an authorized value set by regulations, with minimum impact on the performance of the overall system. The time window is subdivided into a plurality of time periods starting at a plurality of time steps, and the policy control comprises, at least at a first time step in the time window: generating a predicted average radio emissions over subsequent time periods in the time window, based on radio emissions historical data; finding couples of values of a power reduction factor and an average radio emissions that minimize a cost function for each time step in the time window, based on the predicted average radio emissions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining historical data from a plurality of access nodes comprised in a network, determining, for at least one of the plurality of access nodes, a region comprising a set of values for threshold pairs that comprise minimum and maximum threshold pairs, determining, from the region, one threshold pair, wherein the threshold pair defines pre-determined thresholds for determining if a cell is to be switched on or switched off, providing the threshold pair to the network for deployment, and collecting data regarding at least one key performance indicator from the plurality of access nodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining historical data from a plurality of access nodes comprised in a network, determining, for at least one of the plurality of access nodes, a region comprising a set of values for threshold pairs that comprise minimum and maximum threshold pairs, determining, from the region, one threshold pair, wherein the threshold pair defines pre-determined thresholds for determining if a cell is to be switched on or switched off, providing the threshold pair to the network for deployment, and collecting data regarding at least one key performance indicator from the plurality of access nodes.

Abstract: A solution for allocating N radio beam configurations to access nodes including, in some embodiments, a method comprising storing a beam library defining a set of radio beam configurations for a coverage area. A coverage area is divided into sub-areas, and a set of channel quality metrics is collected, as is a traffic density parameter for each sub-area. The following steps are performed: selecting N radio beam configurations from the set of radio beam configurations; mapping each sub-area with one of the selected N radio beam configurations; computing a service performance for the selected N radio beam configurations; the service performance is weighted by the traffic density parameters. The service performance are stored as linked to each radio beam configuration of the selected N radio beam configurations. Based on the stored service performances, a set of N radio beam configurations is selected and the N radio beam configurations are allocated.

Abstract: A solution for allocating N radio beam configurations to access nodes including, in some embodiments, a method comprising storing a beam library defining a set of radio beam configurations for a coverage area. A coverage area is divided into sub-areas, and a set of channel quality metrics is collected, as is a traffic density parameter for each sub-area. The following steps are performed: selecting N radio beam configurations from the set of radio beam configurations; mapping each sub-area with one of the selected N radio beam configurations; computing a service performance for the selected N radio beam configurations; the service performance is weighted by the traffic density parameters. The service performance are stored as linked to each radio beam configuration of the selected N radio beam configurations. Based on the stored service performances, a set of N radio beam configurations is selected and the N radio beam configurations are allocated.