Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for separating gangue material from metallic sulfide ores. The compositions typically include a lignosolfonate and do not include a cyanide salt. Suitable lignosulfonates may include lignosulfonates, for example hardwood lignosulfonate having a weight average molecular weight of about 3 kDa to about 12 kDa and having a relatively low sulfur content and a relatively low sulfonate content.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for separating gangue material from metallic sulfide ores. The compositions typically include a lignosulfonate and do not include a cyanide salt. Suitable lignosulfonates may include lignosulfonates, for example hardwood lignosulfonate having a weight average molecular weight of about 3 kDa to about 12 kDa and having a relatively low sulfur content and a relatively low sulfonate content.

Abstract: A modification to lignosulfonate is disclosed, the effect of which is to reduce the set retarding and air entraining properties normally experienced when using lignosulfonates as water reducing admixtures in cement compositions. The modified lignosulfonate is obtained by oxidative reaction of a lignosulfonate or one of its salts with ammonia or other amine in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for production of acid soluble humates. Humic acid bearing ores are sulfoalkylated under alkaline conditions to produce high solids humic acid concentrates which are soluble at pH as low as 0.5 and in yields of at least 70 percent.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprising a lignosulfonate copolymer and a metal salt or a combination of metal salts. The copolymer is a reaction product of lignosulfonate and acrylic monomers selected from a group of acrylic compounds of the general formula, RCH=CR.sup.1 COOH, where R is hydrogen, an alkyl or carboxyl group and R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, and the metal salt is a salt of sulfate, chloride, phosphate, or carbonate wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, mercury and lead. Alternatively, the composition may be a metal salt or a combination of metal salts of a lignosulfonate copolymer produced by base exchange of the corresponding calcium lignosulfonate copolymer with a metal salt or metal salts. The composition may be used, optionally, together with methylol phenol.

Abstract: A graft copolymer of lignin and vinylic monomer is produced by a continuous process wherein the vinylic monomer and a suitable initiator compound are continuously, but separately, fed to a solution of the lignin. The monomer is selected from a group consisting of the general formula RCH.dbd.CHR'R" where R and R' are H, or alkyl group, and R" is --COOH, --CN or --CONH.sub.2 and the initiator is hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides or persulfates.