Abstract: A heated component for incorporation as a section of a waste collection pipe has an inner passageway and a chamber foxmed about the passageway. A heating element is located in the chamber and supplies heat to the passageway to melt ice formed in the passageway.

Abstract: A heat distribution apparatus comprising a fluid conduit having a peripheral wall defining a flow passage and a pair of fluid capillaries extending along the wall and secured thereto. The capillaries being connected to one another in series to provide a fluid flow path along one of the capillaries and a return path along another of said capillaries to convey heat exchange fluid to transfer heat between the flow passage and the heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: A heated vent cap assembly is provided which can be coupled to a pipe originating from a plumbing system within a building. A heating element is wound around an inner cylinder which is wrapped in a conductive foil and enveloped by a larger diameter outer cylinder which is lined with a reflective foil defining a void there between. The cylinders are secured at an upper end by an end cap and at a lower end by a lower end cap and a tether is tautly secured within the inner cylinder by a bridge in an opening of the end cap and a lower disk engaged with the lower end of the inner cylinder to support ice blocks formed therein. The heating cable generates heat, which is reflected by the reflective foil and absorbed by the conductive foil to prevent ice from forming on the inner surface of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A heat distribution apparatus comprising a fluid conduit having a peripheral wall defining a flow passage and a pair of fluid capillaries extending along the wall and secured thereto. The capillaries being connected to one another in series to provide a fluid flow path along one of the capillaries and a return path along another of said capillaries to convey heat exchange fluid to transfer heat between the flow passage and the heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: Heating apparatus comprising a body of conducting material having oppositely directed surfaces extending between the edges, a channel formed one of the surfaces and defined by a pair of walls upstanding from the one surface, and a cover cooperating with the walls to define an enclosed passageway to receive a heating cable.

Abstract: Heating apparatus comprising a body of conducting material having oppositely directed surfaces extending between the edges, a channel formed one of the surfaces and defined by a pair of walls upstanding from the one surface, and a cover cooperating with the walls to define an enclosed passageway to receive a heating cable.