Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the multi-step enzymatic conversion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the process comprising the steps of: a) enzyme-catalyzed conversion of adenosine diphosphate in the presence of sucrose and a sucrose synthase to adenosine diphosphate-glucose; and b) enzyme-catalyzed conversion of the adenosine diphosphate-glucose formed in process step a) in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate and a pyrophosphorylase to adenosine triphosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the process for the preparation of sugar phosphates, nucleotide sugars, glycans, glycoproteins, glycolipids or glycosaminoglycans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleic acid and amino acid sequences from Escherichia coli serogroup O126, coding for/representing a novel alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase. The invention also provides uses and methods for using the alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase to generate fucosylated products, such as oligosaccharides, (glyco)proteins, or (glyco)lipids, in particular oligosaccharides found in human milk, such as 2?-fucosyllactose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleic acid and amino acid sequences from Escherichia coli serogroup O126, coding for/representing a novel alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase. The invention also provides uses and methods for using the alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase to generate fucosylated products, such as oligosaccharides, (glyco)proteins, or (glyco)lipids, in particular oligosaccharides found in human milk, such as 2?-fucosyllactose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleotide-sugar-synthesizing enzymes (enzymes with nucleotidyltransferase or pyrophosphorylase activity) from nonparasitic protists, to a process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof for preparing nucleotide-sugars. The enzymes according to the invention make possible or greatly simplify the enzymatic preparation of various nucleotide-sugars on the industrial scale from low-cost precursors. It is possible with the aid of the discovered enzymes to prepare, for example, GDP-fucose, GDP-mannose, UDP-glucose, UDP-glucosamine, UDP-galactose, UDP-galactosamine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine in economic quantities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleotide-sugar-synthesizing enzymes (enzymes with nucleotidyltransferase or pyrophosphorylase activity) from nonparasitic protists, to a process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof for preparing nucleotide-sugars. The enzymes according to the invention make possible or greatly simplify the enzymatic preparation of various nucleotide-sugars on the industrial scale from low-cost precursors. It is possible with the aid of the discovered enzymes to prepare, for example, GDP-fucose, GDP-mannose, UDP-glucose, UDP-glucosamine, UDP-galactose, UDP-galactosamine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine in economic quantities.

Abstract: The invention provides a GDP-mannose-pyrophosphorylase, which is suitable for use in continuous multiple stage processes. The mannose- or mannose-derivative-specific GDP-mannose-prophosphorylase, which can be isolated from microorganisms, has a specific activeity of≧2U/mg, is prepared.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for increasing the gene expression of saccharose synthase. To this end the invention provides for the expression of the saccharose synthase gene to be placed under the control of a proton-ATPase promoter. According to a preferred version of the invention gene expression of the saccharose synthase is also increased by increasing the number of copies of the saccharose synthase gene and of the proton-ATPase promoter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleotide-sugar-synthesizing enzymes (enzymes with nucleotidyltransferase or pyrophosphorylase activity) from nonparasitic protists, to a process for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof for preparing nucleotide-sugars. The enzymes according to the invention make possible or greatly simplify the enzymatic preparation of various nucleotide-sugars on the industrial scale from low-cost precursors. It is possible with the aid of the discovered enzymes to prepare, for example, GDP-fucose, GDP-mannose, UDP-glucose, UDP-glucosamine, UDP-galactose, UDP-galactosamine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine in economic quantities.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for enzymically galactosylating monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, with in-situ regeneration of the nucleotide sugar (or of the nucleoside diphosphate sugar), in the presence of sucrose synthase, .beta.-1-4-galactosyl transferase and uridine diphosphate-glucose 4'-epimerase, (UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase), in which process the uridine diphosphate-glucose 4'-epimerase is reactivated with a ketosugar derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the enzymatic synthesis of nucleotide-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexuloses starting from a nucleoside monophosphate (NMP). These processes comprise simultaneous incubation of the following substances in a buffer solution:(a) substrates comprising a nucleoside monophosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, adenosine triphosphate, and sucrose; and(b) enzymes comprising pyruvate kinase, nucleoside-monophosphate kinase, sucrose synthase and deoxythymidine-D-glucose 4,6dehydratase.

Abstract: Nucleotide sugars, especially UDP, ADP, CDP or TDP saccharoses can be enzymatically obtained by the reaction of nucleoside diphosphates with di or trisaccharides with a saccharose synthase in which the virtual absence of nucleoside phosphatases (0.1% or less) can be ensured by special purification methods and sensitive detection. The purification of the raw extract, obtained preferably from rice grains, comprises especially the application of the ultra-filtered extract containing 50 mM KCl with a pH 8 on a sepharose Q column and a gradient elution out of the column at a pH 8 with 50 to 500 mM KCl.