Abstract: The invention relates to shaped bodies containing organic-inorganic hybrid material in addition to gold and/or silver particles, to a method for the production thereof and to the use of the same as catalysts. The shaped-body catalysts are characterized by a longer service life than the original powder catalysts, in addition to a high selectivity and productivity. The inventive shaped-body catalysts also enable pressure losses to be kept to a negligible level in technically sophisticated reactors, for example fixed-bed reactors.

Abstract: A composition for the chemical-mechanical polishing of metal and metal/dielectric structures, containing 7 to 100% by volume of a cationically stablilized silica sol which contains 30% by weight of SiO2 and the SiO2 particles of which have a mean particle size of less than 300 nm, with a pH of from 4 to 10, is distinguished by a TaN removal rate of ≧40 nm per min and an improved barrier layer:metal selectivity of at least 2:1 or greater and a barrier layer:dielectric selectivity of at least 2:1 or above.

Abstract: There is provided a process for polishing monocrystalline semiconductor materials of silicon and germanium to a high degree of surface perfection comprising polishing the material with a modified colloidal silica sol having a pH between about 11 to 12.5 and composed of colloidal silica particles which are coated with chemically combined atoms of aluminum to give a surface coverage of about 1 to about 50 aluminum atoms on the surface per 100 silicon atoms on the surface of uncoated particles. The particles of the modified silica sol used in the process of the invention have a specific surface area of about 25 to about 600 square meters per gram with the silica concentration of the sol ranging from about 2 to about 50% by weight.

Abstract: A polishing slurry for chemical-mechanical polishing, containing 5 to 50% by weight of a colloidal silica abrasive, and from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt which is represented by the formula R4N+X−, where R may be identical or different and is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl and an ester group, and X is hydroxyl or halogen, is distinguished by a high polishing rate.

Abstract: An acidic polishing slurry for chemical-mechanical polishing, containing 0.1 to 5% by weight of a colloidal silica abrasive and 0.5 to 10% by weight of a fluoride salt, is distinguished by a higher polishing selectivity with regard to the rate at which silica is removed compared to the rate at which silicon nitride is removed compared to a conventional polishing slurry containing pyrogenic silica.

Abstract: A process for the chemical-mechanical polishing of isolation layers based on the shallow trench isolation (STI) technology, using a basic polishing slurry which contains from about 5 to about 12.5% by weight of a colloidal silica abrasive, characterized in that the polishing slurry is applied to the wafer surface at a temperature of about 35° C. to about 80° C., increases the polishing selectivity with regard to the rate at which silica is removed compared to the rate at which silicon nitride is removed.

Abstract: In the reduction of at least one of the quantity and size of particulates in the exhaust of a diesel engine, wherein said exhaust is contacted with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst comprises a combination of a zeolite having acidic properties and at least one oxide of a transition metal or rare earth. SO2 in the exhaust gas is not oxidized to sulfates.

Abstract: A porous composite structure, and in particular a membrane, for separating fluids is described. The composite structure comprises at least a porous support and a zeolite layer applied to the support and the zeolite is a zeolite of the T type or of an erionite type.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a catalyst for reducing the quantity and/or size of particles in the exhaust gases of a diesel engine by means of a zeolite-containing catalyst having acidic properties.

Abstract: In the reduction of at least one of the quantity of hydrocarbons, and the quantity or size of particulates in the exhaust of a diesel engine, wherein said exhaust is contacted with a catalyst, the improvement wherein the catalyst comprises a combination of a zeolite having acidic properties and at least one noble metal. There may also be present at least one element from the second main group of the periodic system of elements and the rare-earth elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures containing organic polymers, inorganic particles and inorganic-organic binders to organic-inorganic hybrid materials which can be produced from these mixtures and to the use of these hybrid materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to binder-free molecular sieve zeolite granules of lithium zeolite A and lithium zeolite X, a process for preparing these molecular sieve zeolite granules and their use for preparing nitrogen or oxygen from air by pressure swing adsorption.

Abstract: In an adsorptive alternating pressure process for the enrichment of air with oxygen using a molecular sieve zeolite in an adsorber, wherein adsorbed components are desorbed under a pressure below the pressure at which air separation and N.sub.2 adsorption is effected and, after desorption, the molecular sieve adsorber is at least partly returned to the air separation pressure with oxygen gas produced in countercurrent to the air separation gas flow, the improvement which comprises cooling product gas and covering the molecular sieve adsorber with the cooled product gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to colloidal metal oxides having blocked isocyanate groups, which are based on the reaction product ofA) blocked isocyanate group-containing silanes corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or an organic group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms,X, Y and Z represent identical or different organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which are inert to isocyanate groups below 100.degree. C., provided that at least one of these groups is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy group,Q represents an organic group which contains at least one isocyanate group reacted with a blocking agent andn is 2, 3 or 4 withB) colloidal metal oxides selected from Al, Si, Ti, Ta, W, Hf, Zr, Sn and Y.The present invention also relates to the use of modified metal oxides, either alone or in combination with compounds containing at least two isocyanate-reactive groups, for the preparation of optionally expanded polyurethane plastics, lacquers or coating agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to binder-free molecular sieve zeolite granules of lithium zeolite A and lithium zeolite X, a process for preparing these molecular sieve zeolite granules and their use for preparing nitrogen or oxygen from air by pressure swing adsorption.

Abstract: In the pressure swing adsorption of nitrogen from gas mixtures with less polar gas components at temperatures of between 20.degree. and 50.degree. C., wherein the gas mixture is passed through an adsorber which is filled with packings of zeolite pellets and has an inlet zone and an outlet zone, the improvement which comprises providing at least two packings in the adsorber, a packing of Li-zeolite X in the inlet zone of the adsorber and a packing of at least one of Ca-zeolite A and Ca-zeolite X in the outlet zone of the adsorber.

Abstract: An improved process for the oxygen enrichment of air by vacuum swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption or a combination thereof, wherein the improvement comprises providing at least one packing at each of the air inlet to and air outlet from the adsorber, the packing at the air inlet side of the adsorber comprising Na-Ca zeolite X with an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of 2.0 to 2.5 and with a CaO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of 0.4 to 0.75, the ratio being dependent upon the air inlet temperature, at an air inlet temperature of 20.degree. to 30.degree. C., the CaO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of the Na-Ca zeolite X at the inlet zone being 0.4 to 0.6, at an air inlet temperature of 30.degree. to 40.degree. C., the CaO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of the Ca zeolite X at the inlet zone being 0.55 to 0.65 and at an air inlet temperature of 40.degree. to 50.degree. C., the CaO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio of the Na-Ca zeolite X at the inlet zone being 0.6 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to investment compounds containing zeolites and to models and moulds made from these. The investment compounds according to the invention are used in metal casting, preferably in the preparation of precision castings.

Abstract: In the preparation of m-chloroaromatics by isomerizing corresponding o- and/or p-chloroaromatics in the liquid phase over zeolites, the activity of the zeolites remains at a high level for a particularly long time if the process is carried out in the presence of from 1 to 30 mol % of hydrogen, based on the chloroaromatics used.

Abstract: Acylbenzenes of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reaction of benzene with carboxylic acids of the formulaHOOC--R.sup.1 (II)where R.sup.1 has the meaning given in the text, using a molar ratio of benzene:carboxylic acid=1-50:1 at a temperature of 200.degree.-400.degree. C., a zeolite of the Pentasil type having an SiO.sub.2 /M.sup.2 O.sub.2 ratio of 15-500:1 being used as acid catalyst; in the latter formula, M.sup.2 is one element or more from the group comprising Al, B, Ga, In, Fe, Cr, V, As and Sb.