Abstract: Compact systems, compact devices and methods are provided to sense changes in luminescence due to environmental influences on a luminescent material. Such systems, devices and methods may be implemented in a compact device, e.g., an integrated circuit package, which may be incorporated into or attached to a device, such as a smartphone, watch, flashlight, vehicle, etc. The systems, devices, and methods described herein are useful in sensing luminescence, as well as changes in luminescence that are indicative of environmental influences, such as the presence and concentration of a gas or chemical, ambient temperature, pressure, light, etc., in an area surrounding a luminescent material included in a compact device.

Abstract: Compact systems, compact devices and methods are provided to sense changes in luminescence due to environmental influences on a luminescent material. Such systems, devices and methods may be implemented in a compact device, e.g., an integrated circuit package, which may be incorporated into or attached to a device, such as a smartphone, watch, flashlight, vehicle, etc. The systems, devices, and methods described herein are useful in sensing luminescence, as well as changes in luminescence that are indicative of environmental influences, such as the presence and concentration of a gas or chemical, ambient temperature, pressure, light, etc., in an area surrounding a luminescent material included in a compact device.

Abstract: Optical 1.times.N and N.times.N switching matrix has a tree structure. In the case of 1.times.N switching matrices having a tree structure, in which an optical input (1.sub.0) is connected to N outputs (1.sub.1) by means of an optical waveguide structure (1) which branches like a tree, and in which an optical changeover switch (4) is arranged in each junction point (3) of the waveguide structure, it is intended to improve the crosstalk suppression. To this end, in each case one gate switch (5) is assigned to each output (1.sub.1) for optional release and blocking of this output (1.sub.1) as a function of a switching state of the changeover switch (4) of a junction point (3) from which a branching waveguide (11) is connected to this output (1.sub.1). An N.times.N switching matrix, which is also described, having greatly improved crosstalk suppression can be obtained with such 1.times.N switching matrices. The switching matrix is used in optical communications networks, for example telecommunications networks.

Abstract: An integrated optical arrangement operated as a switch composed of at least three ridge waveguides on a substrate, the third ridge waveguide is utilized for an infeed of an optical waveguide proceeding between two parallel ridge waveguides forming the first and second waveguides having either a contacted pn-junction or a contacted pin-junction. As a result of asymmetrical switching of the junctions, the optical wave is coupled over into one or the other of the first and second waveguides. The advantage over traditional directional coupler switch structures are complete symmetry of the two switch conditions, "digital switching behavior", enhanced separation of the output waveguide, low switching losses and greater manufacturing tolerances, reduced polarization sensitivity and increased optical bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for producing relief surface structures comprises the step of providing a photoresist layer having a relief surface structure on a surface of a substrate, the relief structure of the photoresist layer being like the surface relief structure desired on the substrate, then removing the photoresist layer with an erosion process that erodes both the photoresist layer as well as the substrate material which is free of the photoresist layer or becomes free of the photoresist layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting an optical wave having a relatively smaller cross section into an optical wave having a relatively larger cross section which may be manufactured in a monolithically integrated fashion in a simple way. In this apparatus, a wave-guiding, rib-shaped taper having an end for coupling the optical wave with a small cross section into the taper is fashioned on a rib of a rib waveguide which guides the optical wave. An optical wave having a larger cross section is fashioned thereon in a longitudinal direction of the rib. The infeed end of the taper and the taper itself has a smaller breadth in comparison to the breadth of the rib of the rib waveguide. Proceeding from this end, the taper broadens and decreasingly tapers in thickness in the longitudinal direction of the rib waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated optical directional coupler is formed of two strip waveguides integrated on a substrate. A strip waveguide section in a coupling section of the directional coupler is designed as a controllable strip waveguide. The strip waveguides outside of this section are passive strip waveguides. In order to guarantee a largely polarization-dependent function of this coupler and of an optical switch realized therewith, the passive waveguides comprise a defined, different strip waveguide structure than the controllable strip waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated-optical interferometer is formed of two strip waveguides integrated on a substrate. A strip waveguide section of the interferometer is designed as a controllable strip waveguide, and the strip waveguides are passive strip waveguides outside of the section. In order to guarantee a largely polarization-dependent function of this interferometer and of an optical switch realized therewith, the passive waveguides comprise a defined, different strip waveguide structure than the controllable strip waveguide.

Abstract: An integrated optical arrangement having at least one optical waveguide integrated a substrate of semiconductor material, characterized by the waveguide being a rib waveguide comprising the p-doped material disposed on a substrate which contains a waveguiding layer which is either an n-doped or an undoped material, said arrangement having either a pn or a pin junction between the p-doped material of the rib and the n-doped or undoped material of the waveguiding layer. In addition, a method for forming the various layer is disclosed.

Abstract: An integrated optical arrangement for bidirectional optical message and signal transmission characterized by a common substrate having integrated thereon, a semiconductor laser, an optical detector and a direction selective coupling arrangement which coupling arrangement has a first port coupled to the laser, a second port coupled to the detector and a third port arranged for coupling light in and out of the arrangement with a first wavelength from the laser passing from the first port to the third port and the third port passing a second wavelength to the second port for detection. The arrangement further includes a wavelength selective filter being disposed in a waveguide extending to the second port for blocking light of the first wavelength but being transmissive to light of the second wavelength. The coupling arrangement can either be an optical directional coupler or a y-shaped waveguide fork.