Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided for a web browser accessible data file system on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The invention includes a PLC which includes a controller module; a file system module coupled to the controller module and adapted to persistently store archive data files; a memory module that stores binary data coupled to the controller module; and a user program module that stores instructions adapted to be executed by the controller module. The instructions may include creating an archive file in a user application format in the file system module; storing binary data in the memory module; converting the binary data to the user application format of the archive file; and storing the converted binary data as an entry in the archive file in the file system module. Numerous additional aspects are disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a method and a system allowing the use of at least one resource of a first automation system in at least one second automation system, whereby the resource is made available by the first automation system and an identification characteristic is used for the unique identification of the resource in the at least second automation system. A user is enabled to navigate in a simple manner between the application locations of originator and user of a resource. This is achieved by the fact that the use of the resource of the first automation system in the at least second automation system is mapped as a bilateral reference in each case between the automation systems and is stored in each case in a storage area in the automation systems, whereby the bilateral reference also contains application locations of the resource in the respective automation system.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided for a web browser accessible data file system on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The invention includes a PLC which includes a controller module; a file system module coupled to the controller module and adapted to persistently store archive data files; a memory module that stores binary data coupled to the controller module; and a user program module that stores instructions adapted to be executed by the controller module. The instructions may include creating an archive file in a user application format in the file system module; storing binary data in the memory module; converting the binary data to the user application format of the archive file; and storing the converted binary data as an entry in the archive file in the file system module. Numerous additional aspects are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for providing a signal indicative of a set single bit flag, which is set for a scan cycle responsive to a detection of a fault in an Input/Output (I/O) device of a programmable logic controller (PLC) system or an I/O interface of the PLC system. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: There is described a method and system for using at least one variable of a first automation system in a second automation system, with the variable being made available by the first automation system. An object is to allow a user to program access to a local and remote variable in an identical manner, without having to program special access functions, set up connections and apply a local variable to take up the variable value or to create additional assignment tables and similarly apply the local variable. This object is achieved with a method and system of the type mentioned above, in that an identification feature is used for the unique identification of the variable in the at least second automation system, said identification feature being hierarchically structured and having a system-specific path name and a name for the variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a computer system. The inventive method allows best possible utilization of the efficiency of a concrete target hardware by providing in a program alternative passages of which exactly one is selected for execution by the processor by means of a code.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can comprise a method, which can comprise providing a signal indicative of a set single bit flag. The flag can be set for a scan cycle responsive to a detection of a fault in an Input/Output (I/O) device of a programmable logic controller (PLC) system or an I/O interface of the PLC system.

Abstract: There is described a method and a system allowing the use of at least one resource of a first automation system in at least one second automation system, whereby the resource is made available by the first automation system and an identification characteristic is used for the unique identification of the resource in the at least second automation system. A user is enabled to navigate in a simple manner between the application locations of originator and user of a resource. This is achieved by the fact that the use of the resource of the first automation system in the at least second automation system is mapped as a bilateral reference in each case between the automation systems and is stored in each case in a storage area in the automation systems, whereby the bilateral reference also contains application locations of the resource in the respective automation system.

Abstract: There is described a method and system for using at least one variable of a first automation system in a second automation system, with the variable being made available by the first automation system. An object is to allow a user to program access to a local and remote variable in an identical manner, without having to program special access functions, set up connections and apply a local variable to take up the variable value or to create additional assignment tables and similarly apply the local variable. This object is achieved with a method and system of the type mentioned above, in that an identification feature is used for the unique identification of the variable in the at least second automation system, said identification feature being hierarchically structured and having a system-specific path name and a name for the variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the execution of at least one release license software program which is used to control and/or regulate a tool machine, and/or a production machine and/or a manual automatic machine, wherein the release of the release license software program can be obtained by means of a license key. A license key handler is provided for the release thereof. The invention also relates to a corresponding method. If the system comprises various release license software programs the handling of the release and/or licensing can be correspondingly expensive and complicated. A license key handler manager enables said process to be simplified. Said license key handler manager can be technically connected to at least one and/or two or several license key handlers.

Abstract: A converter (51) for generating a control program (17) running on target hardware based on a primary code with a plurality of instructions (22, 31), an automation device (11) with such a converter (51) and a development environment with such an automation device (11) with access to a database (52). In the database, a transformation rule (53) is stored for each instruction (22, 31), with functionality (54, 55, 56) for supplementing each instruction (22, 31), such that each parameter (36-40), which is used and/or influenced by the instruction (22, 31), can be logged. The transformation rule (53) includes information for supplementing the instruction (22, 31) with respect to the logging of each parameter (36-40).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a computer system. The inventive method allows best possible utilization of the efficiency of a concrete target hardware by providing in a program alternative passages of which exactly one is selected for execution by the processor by means of a code.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a multiple-element microscope objective assembly which is removably mountable to a microscope body and which includes a front element adapted for immersion contact with a liquid medium through which a microscopic object is to be observed. The invention features an externally accessible control adjustment for selectively axially positioning one of the optical elements of the objective with respect to the rest of the assembly such that a corrective optical adjustment is made for such change in refractive index as may characterize the use of one vs. another liquid-immersion substance, thereby enabling the microscope to preserve its normal focusing action consistently for use of the objective with a plurality of different immersion substances having different refractive indices.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved microscope having a partially transmitting mirror in the observation light path, the mirror deflecting some of the illuminating light path onto a first object, while a second object is located in the light path which passes through the mirror. In one form, the reflected and transmitted light paths are designed symmetrically, and each includes one microscope objective; one of these objectives is adapted to be inclined with respect to the direction of the light beam, and a stop is so positioned in the system that the two separately observed objects appear simultaneously and side-by-side in the field of view of a single eyepiece.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a method of microscopic analysis of biological, metallurgical or other specimens, wherein an image copy of a comparison or reference object is used to produce a comparison image in the image plane of the microscope eyepiece. A direct side-by-side comparison can then be made for the unknown or unclassified specimen, against the image copy, which may be two adjacent image copies, displayed alongside the unknown, to enable a judgment as to the resemblance between the unknown and one or the other of the two image copies.