Abstract: Method of producing C8-C15 hydrocarbons comprising providing a ketone starting material; providing an aldol starting material comprising hydroxymethylfurfural; mixing the ketone starting material and the aldol starting material in a reaction in the presence of a proline-containing catalyst selected from the group consisting of Zn(Pro)2, Yb(Pro)2, and combinations thereof, or a catalyst having one of the structures (I), (H) or (III), and in the presence of a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises water and is substantially free of organic solvents, where (I), (II) and (III) respectively are: where R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl moiety, X?(OH) and n=2. In (III), X may be CH2, sulfur or selenium, M may be Zn, Mg, or a lanthanide, and R1 and R2 each independently may be a methyl, ethyl, phenyl moiety.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds of the formula Ar-Z1-Q-Z2 where Ar is an aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a halogen, a phenyl, an alkoxy group and an amino group from the group consisting of NH2, NHR and NRR? where R and R? are each a C1-C4 lower alkyl, Q is selected from the group consisting of 13CH2, 13CDH and 13CD2, and Z1 is selected from the group consisting of —S—, —S(?O)—, —S(?O)2—, —Se—, —Se(?O)—, and —Se(?O)2—, Z2 is selected from the group consisting of —Si(R6R7R8), —O(R9), —Se—Ar, —Se(?O)—Ar, —Se(?O)2—Ar, —S—Ar, —S(?O)—Ar, and —S(?O)2—Ar wherein R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-C4 lower alkyl, R9 is a C1-C4 lower alkyl or an R10—Ar group where R10 is a C1-C4 alkylene group.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase within a sample is disclosed, where a positive detection indicates the presence of a target virus within the sample. Also disclosed is a trifunctional composition of matter including a trifunctional linker moiety with groups bonded thereto including (a) an alkyl chain adapted for attachment to a substrate, (b) a fluorescent moiety capable of generating a fluorescent signal, and (c) a recognition moiety having a spacer group of a defined length thereon, the recognition moiety capable of binding with tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase within a sample is disclosed, where a positive detection indicates the presence of a target virus within the sample. Also disclosed is a trifunctional composition of matter including a trifunctional linker moiety with groups bonded thereto including (a) an alkyl chain adapted for attachment to a substrate, (b) a fluorescent moiety capable of generating a fluorescent signal, and (c) a recognition moiety having a spacer group of a defined length thereon, the recognition moiety capable of binding with tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase within a sample is disclosed, where a positive detection indicates the presence of a target virus within the sample. Also disclosed is a trifunctional composition of matter including a trifunctional linker moiety with groups bonded thereto including (a) an alkyl chain adapted for attachment to a substrate, (b) a fluorescent moiety capable of generating a fluorescent signal, and (c) a recognition moiety having a spacer group of a defined length thereon, the recognition moiety capable of binding with tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase.

Abstract: A novel nucleoside analog is disclosed which comprises a piperazine ring in the place of the ring ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Monomers utilizing a broad variety of nucleobases are disclosed, as well as oligomers comprising the monomers disclosed herein linked by a variety of linkages, including amide, phosphonamide, and sulfonamide linkages. A method of synthesizing the nucleoside analogs is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfones and [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfoxides, wherein the 13C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfone or sulfoxide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH2, NHR and NRR′ where R and R′ are each a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing methyl aryl sulfones and methyl aryl sulfoxides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2-13C]dithane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [2-13C]dithane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to labeled compounds, e.g., [2H1-2, 13C]methanol (arylthio)-, acetates wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to exactly one or two deuterium atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the 13C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH2, NHR and NRR′ where R and R′ are each a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [2H1, 13C], [2H2,13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the 13C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase within a sample is disclosed, where a positive detection indicates the presence of a target virus within the sample. Also disclosed is a trifunctional composition of matter including a trifunctional linker moiety with groups bonded thereto including (a) an alkyl chain adapted for attachment to a substrate, (b) a fluorescent moiety capable of generating a fluorescent signal, and (c) a recognition moiety having a spacer group of a defined length thereon, the recognition moiety capable of binding with tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, for example, isotopically enriched mustard gas metabolites including: [1,1′,2,2′-13C4]ethane, 1,1′-sulfonylbis[2-(methylthio); [1,1′,2,2′-13C4]ethane, 1-[[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]sulfonyl]-2-(methylthio); [1,1′,2,2′-13C4]ethane, 1,1′-sulfonylbis[2-(methylsulfinyl)]; and, 2,2′-sulfinylbis([1,2-13C2]ethanol of the general formula where Q1 is selected from the group consisting of sulfide (—S—), sulfone (—S(O)—), sulfoxide (—S(O2)—) and oxide (—O—), at least one C* is 13C, X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and deuterium, and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydroxide (—OH), and —Q2—R where Q2 is selected from the group consisting of sulfide (—S—), sulfone(—S(O)—), sulfoxide (—S(O2)—) an

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2-13C]dithane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [2-13C]dithane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to labeled compounds, e.g., [2H1-2, 13C]methanol (arylthio)-, acetates wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to exactly one or two deuterium atoms.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase within a sample is disclosed, where a positive detection indicates the presence of a target virus within the sample. Also disclosed is a trifunctional composition of matter including a trifunctional linker moiety with groups bonded thereto including (a) an alkyl chain adapted for attachment to a substrate, (b) a fluorescent moiety capable of generating a fluorescent signal, and (c) a recognition moiety having a spacer group of a defined length thereon, the recognition moiety capable of binding with tetrameric multivalent neuraminidase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfones and [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfoxides, wherein the 13C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfone or sulfoxide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure 1

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the 13C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure 1

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2-13C]dithiane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [2-13C]dithiane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to labeled compounds, e.g., [2H1−2, 13C]methanol (arylthio)-, acetates wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to exactly one or two deuterium atoms.

Abstract: Molecules containing a chiral 1,2-diol unit are synthesized from reactions between aldehydes and N-acyl selones. A chilled N-acyl selone is reacted with a Lewis acid such as TiCl4 and mixed with a tertiary amine such as diisopropylethylamine to generate an enolate solution. Upon further chilling of the enolate solution a desired aldehyde is added and after an acceptable reaction period a quencher is introduced and the product isolated.

Abstract: Selenium reagents when coupled to a compound containing an asymmetric carbon atom can be used in a highly sensitive method for determination of enantiomeric purity and for stereochemical assignment. Preferred reagents include a selenocarbonyl moiety (Se=C) and a reactive center for coupling to the compound of interest. Particularly preferred selenocarbonyls for use in the invention are chiral selenooxazolidinones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are selected from among hydrogen, alkyl of up to 10 carbons and aryl having up to 12 carbon atoms in the ring system. The substituent R.sup.1 is selected to facilitate the formation of a bond between the nitrogen atom of the selenooxazolidinone reagent and the compound of interest. Since the ability of the reagent to resolve enantiomers decreases as the number of bonds between the selenium and the asymmetric carbon increases, the reactive center is preferably located no more than three bonds from the selenium atom.

Abstract: Selenium reagents when coupled to a compound containing an asymmetric carbon atom can be used in a highly sensitive method for determination of enantiomeric purity and for stereochemical assignment. Preferred reagents include a selenocarbonyl moiety (Se.dbd.C) and a reactive center for coupling to the compound of interest. Particularly preferred selenocarbonyls for use in the invention are selenooxazolidinones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are selected from among hydrogen, alkyl of up to 10 carbons and aryl having up to 12 carbon atoms in the ring system. The substituent R.sup.1 is selected to facilitate the formation of a bond between the nitrogen atom of the selenooxazolidinone reagent and the compound of interest. Since the ability of the reagent to resolve enantiomers decreases as the number of bonds between the selenium and the asymmetric carbon increases, the reactive center is preferably located no more than three bonds from the selenium atom.