Abstract: High strength composite fibers are disclosed comprising a core, e.g., of carbon or the like, and a thin and uniform, firmly adherent electrically conductive layer of an electrodepositable metal, e.g., of nickel or the like. The composite fiber can be produced by electrodeposition from an electrolyte onto the core but the procedure must use external voltages high enough both (i) to dissociate the metal at the core and (ii) to nucleate the metal through the boundary layer into direct contact with the core. Such composite fibers are chopped to shortened lengths to provide chaff, which is effective as a radar countermeasure.

Abstract: High strength composite fibers are disclosed comprising a core, e.g., of carbon or the like, and a thin and uniform, firmly adherent electrically conductive layer of an electrodepositable metal, e.g., of nickel or the like. The composite fiber can be produced by electrodeposition from an electrolyte onto the core but the procedure must use external voltages high enough both (i) to dissociate the metal at the core and (ii) to nucleate the metal through the boundary layer into direct contact with the core. Such composite fibers are chopped to shortened lengths to provide chaff, which is effective as a radar countermeasure.

Abstract: Yarns or tows of high strength composite fibers the majority of which comprise a core of carbon or the like and a thin, uniform firmly adherent electrically conductive layer or an electrodepositable metal, such as nickel or the like, the bond strength of the metal to the core being greater than 10 percent of the intermetallic bond strength of the metal layer. The composites can be produced by electrodeposition from a bath onto the core but the procedure must use external voltages high enough both (i) to dissociate the metal at the core and (ii) to nucleate the metal through the boundary layer into direct contact with the core.

Abstract: A graphite fiber is electroplated by passing the fiber continuously through an electrolyte solution in a tank. Current is delivered to the fiber at a contact immediately prior to the surface of the electrolyte in the tank. The voltage is maintained above 16 volts. The fiber is kept cool enough outside the bath to prevent degradation by recycling the electrolyte to bathe the fiber from the point of contact to the point of immersion into the electrolyte.

Abstract: High strength composite fibers are disclosed comprising a core, e.g., of carbon or the like, and a thin and uniform, firmly adherent electrically conductive layer of an electrodepositable metal, e.g., of nickel or the like. The composite fiber can be produced by electrodeposition from an electrolyte onto the core but the procedure must use external voltages high enough both (i) dissociate the metal at the core and (ii) to mucleate the metal through the boundary layer into direct contact with the core. Such composite fibers are chopped to shortened lengths to provide chaff, which is effective as a radar countermeasure.

Abstract: Filaments, yarns or tows of metal coated nonmetallic and semimetallic materials, e.g., nickel coated graphite, are sized, e.g., with poly(vinyl acetate), and/or oxidized, e.g., in steam at an elevated temperature to produce a surface of nickel oxide, and the resulting products mix more readily into plastic materials and have enhanced processability when knitted and woven.

Abstract: The invention includes electrodes having a plurality of fibers wherein an essentially continuous metallic coating of high bond strength extends over at least a portion of each fiber, and wherein the fibers provide a large surface area. The electrodes of the invention have an efficient electrical connection at their terminals comprising fiber/metal matrices which provide the desired connections to the terminals without damage to the fibers. The fiber metal matrices also provide excellent electrical contact between all of the fibers, and inhibit wicking of the electrolyte or process stream into the electrical connections. Where the fibers are coated along a substantial portion of their length, they also have a high electrical conductivity. The invention further includes electro-chemical cells, and processes for forming and utilizing the electrodes and cells.

Abstract: Metal base composites are provided by electro-depositing on conductive core filaments a thin, firmly-adherent, uniform layer of a metal, the bond strength between the core and the deposited metal being such that when the unbonded coated filament is bent, as in knitting and weaving, the coating may fracture, but it will not peel off. The filaments are together, preferably in a substantially parallel aligned manner, with a metal or metal alloy matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrodes having fibers which provide large surface areas, high bond strength between the core fibers and metallic coatings thereon, and efficient electrical connections; electro-chemical cells including such electrodes; and processes for forming and utilizing the electrodes and cells of the invention.

Abstract: Yarns or tows of high strength composite fibers the majority of which comprise a core of carbon or the like and a thin, uniform firmly adherent electrically conductive layer or an electrodepositable metal, such as nickel or the like, the bond strength of the metal to the core being greater than 10 percent of the intermetallic bond strength of the metal layer. The composites can be produced by electrodeposition from a bath onto the core but the procedure must use external voltages high enough both (i) to dissociate the metal at the core and (ii) to nucleate the metal through the boundary layer into direct contact with the core.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for metal plating fibers in which an array of tensioning rollers and contact rollers insure a direct tight path for the fiber and facilitate rapid replacement of the contact rollers when necessary.

Abstract: Yarns or tows of high strength composite fibers the majority of which comprise a core of carbon or the like and a thin, uniform firmly adherent electrically conductive layer or an electrodepositable metal, such as nickel or the like, the bond strength of the metal to the core being greater than 10 percent of the intermetallic bond strength of the metal layer. The composites can be produced by electrodeposition from a bath onto the core but the procedure must use external voltages high enough both (i) to dissociate the metal at the core and (ii) to nucleate the metal through the boundary layer into direct contact with the core.