Abstract: A small footprint power transformer constructed so as to exhibit improved heat dissipation characteristics and an enhanced flow of a cooling medium. The transformer construction achieves small footprint by superimposing the core legs with the windings in vertical relationship. Highly heat conductive plane dissipators are inserted between adjacent finished coil discs and extended beyond the winding structure, terminating in fins arranged to assure maximum heat transfer to a cooling medium flowing therepast resulting in substantial reduction of the temperature rise.

Abstract: The high performance, high reliability compact heat dissipator is useful for cooling electronic components (3, 12, 25). It can be used on transfer surfaces (2, 13, 26) with various orientation for natural convection, or with a combination of natural convection and forced flow of the cooling medium. It consists of a highly heat conductive layer (1, 7, 11, 19 27 27C) with extensions (5A, 5B, 8A, 8B, 8A1, 8B1) having louver-like structures with fins (6, 9) for virtually boundary-layer free efficient heat transfer with a single layer (1, 11, 27), or with nested multiple layers (7, 19). It can be incorporated into the structure of a new component, or it can be attached to an existing component by heat conductive adhesive bonding (4).

Abstract: The central version of the road traffic control system maintains nonstop flow of traffic on selected lanes of fastroads (1A, 1B, 1C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 31A, 31B, 31C, 32A, 32B, 32C) all the time by grouping the vehicles in closed columns in moving travel zones alternating with empty zones, marked by fixtures (6) emitting zone marker signals controlled by central processor (7). Columns of vehicles are grouped in travel zones (21A, 21B, 33A, 33B) alternating with empty (vacate) zones (211, 331), and are laid out in a centrally controlled grid pattern of fastroads (1A, 1B, 4A, 4B, 31A, 31B, 32A, 32B). The control system guides the moving travel zones through the empty zones of the cross roads without stopping. In local version having light traffic, stopping is reduced and quasi-nonstop traffic flow is introduced on locally controlled crossings (41, 42) by sensor ( 45A, 45B, 46A, 64B, 46C) controlled traffic lights operated by local processor (47).

Abstract: The energy replenishment system offers uninterrupted operation for electric vehicles by instantly removing batteries (3A, 3B) by lifting device (15) from their compartment (2) when discharged, transferring them into charging shelf (57) having similar compartments (2C), and by placing recharged batteries in the vehicle's compartments (2). Automatic connector devices (31-51) instantly operated by the lifting device (15) provides high contact pressure and low contact resistance for the heavy currents on the battery terminals.