Abstract: A gripping apparatus for engaging a tubular. In one embodiment, the gripping apparatus comprises a collet structure adapted to receive the end of a tubular therein. A barrel is moveably engaged with the collet structure and is moveable from an open position to a made-up position. The collet structure comprises a substantially cylindrical top section and a bottom section that is divided into a plurality of elongate blades each having a gripping structure formed at an unsupported end thereof. In the made-up position, a flared bottom section of the barrel engages and compresses the respective gripping structures, flexing the blades inwardly and causing engagement of the gripping structures with the sidewall of the tubular. In one embodiment, the barrel is slidably engaged with the collet. In an alternative embodiment, the barrel takes the form of a nut that is threadably engaged with the collet.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the displacement of visco-elastoplastic media below a surface thereof comprises an upper plate mounted such that a displacement force exerted on the top surface thereof will move the upper plate a displacement distance downward toward a base. Guides maintain the upper plate and the base in alignment such that movement is along a displacement axis. A calibrated bias element exerts a calibrated bias force resisting movement of the upper plate toward the base. A displacement measuring device measures the displacement distance, and is operative to generate a movement signal corresponding to the displacement distance. A data acquisition system is operative to receive and record the movement signal, and calculate the displacement force exerted on the top surface of the upper plate required to move the upper plate the displacement distance against the calibrated bias force.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the displacement of visco-elastoplastic media below a surface thereof comprises an upper plate mounted such that a displacement force exerted on the top surface thereof will move the upper plate a displacement distance downward toward a base. Guides maintain the upper plate and the base in alignment such that movement is along a displacement axis. A calibrated bias element exerts a calibrated bias force resisting movement of the upper plate toward the base. A displacement measuring device measures the displacement distance, and is operative to generate a movement signal corresponding to the displacement distance. A data acquisition system is operative to receive and record the movement signal, and calculate the displacement force exerted on the top surface of the upper plate required to move the upper plate the displacement distance against the calibrated bias force.