Abstract: A monolithic Offner spectrometer is described herein as are various components like a diffraction grating and a slit all of which are manufactured by using a state-of-the-art diamond machining process. In one embodiment, a monolithic Offner spectrometer is directly manufactured by using a diamond machining process. In another embodiment, a monolithic Offner spectrometer is manufactured by using molds which are made by a diamond machining process. In yet another embodiment, a diffraction grating is directly manufactured by using a diamond machining process. In still yet another embodiment, a diffraction grating is manufactured by using a mold which is made by a diamond machining process. In yet another embodiment, a slit is directly manufactured by using a diamond machining process.

Abstract: Microlens arrays, especially useful for optical coupling in optical switches of fiber optic telecommunications systems are produced with optical quality requisite for such applications with a replicating tool. This tool is made using a form tool set up in a rotating spindle of a precision air bearing milling machine at an angle of inclination such that the point of zero surface velocity is maintained outside of the surface of substrate machined to make the tool for replicating the arrays. The tip of the form tool has a profile corresponding to the profile of the lenses of the array, such as a generally circular profile having a radius centered at the axis of rotation of the form tool. The form tool is reciprocated with respect to the surface so as to form cavities of the desired profile, radius and depth which corresponds each identical lens of the array. To provide arrays the form tool is raised and the substrate is translated to preprogrammed positions.