Abstract: A process for preparing 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene salicylate includes the reacting of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid with 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol in the presence of a coupling reagent.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating an individual for the symptoms of panic disorder and related maladies including agoraphobia, social phobia and claustrophobia. The method includes the step of reducing the levels of carbon dioxide being inspired by the individual.

Abstract: Dikegulac, its salts and related derivatives are prepared by reacting 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid with 2,2 dimethoxypropane at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid. This produces a reaction intermediate which is then reacted with a base to complete hydrolysis and produce an acid salt of dikegulac. Simple concentration and phase separation techniques are used to provide a more efficient, environmentally friendly and cost effective process.

Abstract: A simple and inexpensive process is described for reducing the concentration of N-nitroso-containing compounds in compositions comprising N-nitroso-containing compounds and other desired compounds wherein the N-nitroso-containing compounds thermally decompose at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the desired compounds. For compositions comprising dinitroaniline herbicides wherein the N-nitroso compound is a N-nitroso derivative of a precursor in the manufacture of the herbicide, for example Flumetralin, N-ethyl-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline, the process requires heating the mixture to a temperature greater than about 120.degree. C., and holding the composition at that temperature for a time effective to decompose the N-nitroso compound present in the mixture. Volatile decomposition products are advantageously removed from the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of nitrating or dinitrating an aromatic amine compound that involves reacting the aromatic amine and nitric acid in the presence of acetic acid such that the molar ratio of the aromatic amine compound to acetic acid is from about 1:2 to about 1:16, and the molar ratio of nitric acid to the aromatic amine is between about 1.0 to about 1.5 times the nitric acid needed to complete the reaction. More particularly, the invention is a process of forming Pendimethalin, N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine, from N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-xylidine (4-NAX) that involves reacting 4-NAX and nitric acid in the presence of acetic acid such that the molar ratio of nitric to the 4-NAX is between about 2:1 and about 3:1, preferably between about 2:1 and about 2.6:1, and such that the molar ratio of 4-NAX to acetic acid is between about 1:2 to about 1:16, preferably between about 1:4 and about 1:8.

Abstract: A simple and inexpensive process is described for reducing the concentration of N-nitroso-containing compounds. The process is applicable for compositions comprising N-nitroso-containing compounds and other desired compounds wherein the N-nitroso-containing compounds thermally decompose at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the desired compounds. For compositions comprising N-nitroso-pendimethalin in Pendimethalin, the process requires heating the mixture to a temperature greater than about 120.degree. C., and holding the Pendimethalin at that temperature for a time effective to decompose the N-nitroso-pendimethalin present in the mixture. Volatile decomposition products are advantageously removed from the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing N-alkyl-dinitroalkylaniline and particularly N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroaniline by methylation of an alkylphenol followed by a one or two stage dinitration of the resulting alkylanisole which is followed by reaction with an amine.

Abstract: This invention relates to pendralin ?2,6-dinitro-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-4-tert-butylaniline!, preemergence and postemergence herbicidal methods and herbicidal compositions employing pendralin.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine from 4-chlorotrifluoromethylbenzene. The process includes a two stage nitration and an amination step. Ethylene dichloride is utilized as a diluent and solvent in the nitration steps. Spent acid from the first nitration is reconstituted with sulfur trioxide for use in the second nitration. Spent acid from the second nitration is used directly in the first nitration and evaporation is used to remove nitrosoamines from the final trifluralin product.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of isometrically pure pendimethalin and iso-pendimethalin as well as mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing N-alkyl-dinitroalkylaniline and particularly N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroaniline by methylation of an alkylphenol followed by nitration of the resulting alkylanisole which is followed by reaction with an amine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing mono- and di- N-alkyl-dinitroalkylaniline or dinitroaniline derivative and particularly N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroaniline by methylation of an alkylphenol or phenol derivative followed by nitration of the resulting acetic acid alkylanisole or anisole derivative which is followed by reaction with an amine. Acetic acid by-product produced during nitration is recycled by converting back to acetic anhydride.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for conducting meso-scale rainfall simulations and runoff collections. The apparatus includes a system for continuously applying to a test plot simulated rainfall having a droplet size spectrum, an impact velocity, a spatial uniformity and an intensity simulating natural rainfall. Additionally, the apparatus includes a collector assembly for collecting runoff from the test plot for analysis. In accordance with the present method, natural rainfall for a geographic area including the test plot is studied in order to determine the drop size spectrum, drop impact velocity, spatial uniformity and intensity of the rainfall. A sprayer or irrigation head is then selected providing a droplet size spectrum closely resembling that of the natural rainfall to be simulated. Next, the spacing between and relative height of the irrigation heads is adjusted to ensure that the spatial uniformity, intensity and drop impact velocity resemble that of the natural rainfall to be simulated.

Abstract: A method for conducting field dissipation and leachate studies of a test substance includes the step of positioning a boundary column for defining a soil test zone into the ground. This may be done by driving the column into the ground. Next is the step of exposing a bottom end of the column substantially without disturbing the soil in the soil test zone. This is followed by the steps of collecting leachate from the soil test zone and analyzing the leachate collected. The method also includes the steps of recovering the soil test zone substantially intact as a core sample, cutting the core sample into segments and individually analyzing the segments for test substance dissipation both quantitatively and qualitatively. The column utilized to define the soil test zone is preferably constructed from 18 or 20 gauge galvanized steel and has a diameter of from 6 to 10 inches.

Abstract: An apparatus for the collection of volatiles includes a housing that forms an environmental chamber. Dishs of test sample are placed in this chamber which is closed with a transparent cover. A gasket assures an airtight seal between the cover and the housing. The housing is supported on a stand that allows the angular orientation of the housing to be adjusted relative to the path of the sun. A jacket is also formed in the housing about the environmental chamber. A heat exchange fluid is circulated through this jacket to maintain the environmental chamber and, thus, the test sample within a desired temperature range. Volatiles emitted by the test sample are collected by circulating air through the environmental chamber. This air which passes across the test sample dishes serves to sweep up the volatiles which are then delivered to a collection trap for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Abstract: An apparatus for the collection of volatiles includes a housing that forms an environmental chamber. Dishes of test sample are placed in this chamber which is closed with a transparent cover. A gasket assures an airtight seal between the cover and the housing. The housing is supported on a stand that allows the angular orientation of the housing to be adjusted relative to the path of the sun. A jacket is also formed in the housing about the environment chamber. A heat exchange fluid is circulated through this jacket to maintain the environmental chamber and, thus, the test sample within a desired temperature range. Volatiles emitted by the test sample are collected by circulating air through the environmental chamber. This air which passes across the test sample dishes serves to sweep up the volatiles which are then delivered to a collection trap for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Abstract: An apparatus module for volatile collection, such as may be utilized in solution photolysis of a test sample, includes a vessel member that is sealingly connected to a vapor collection adapter. The vapor collection adapter includes an inlet for the delivery of gas into the vessel and an outlet for directing gas and volatiles emitted by the test sample from the vessel. The vessel member is elongated and mounted in a generally upright position by means of a peg that extends from a closed end of the vessel. This peg is received within an aperture in an underlying support rail. The apparatus is also specially adapted for mounting in series. More specifically, the support rail includes a series of equally spaced apertures for holding a number of modules at evenly spaced intervals. In addition, cooperating ball and socket connectors are provided at the distal ends of the inlet and outlet so as to allow sealed connection of adjacent modules together.