Abstract: A device includes a memory array, bit line pairs, word lines, a modulation circuit and a control signal generator. The memory array has bit cells arranged in rows and columns. Each bit line pair is connected to a respective column of bit cells. Each word line is connected to a respective row of bit cells. The modulation circuit is coupled with at least one bit line pair. The control signal generator is coupled with the modulation circuit. The control signal generator includes a tracking wiring with a tracking length positively correlated with a depth distance of the word lines. The control signal generator is configured to produce a control signal, switching to a first voltage level for a first time duration in reference with the tracking length, for controlling the modulation circuit. A method of controlling aforesaid device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for patent summarization are disclosed. A digital file comprising an issued patent document or a published application is acquired. At least one claim string is acquired from the digital file. Multiple elements are acquired from the claim string. A part-of relationship architecture among a portion of the elements is generated according to the claim string. At least one is-a relationship for at least one of the elements is generated according to the claim string. At least one association relationship for at least one of the elements is generated according to the claim string. The part-of relationship architecture, as-is relationship and association relationship are displayed.

Abstract: An instant message is received from a first daemon corresponding to a first instant messaging application type originating with a first client, and transmits the instant message to a second daemon corresponding to a second instant messaging application type originating with a second client. A third daemon receives the instant message using communication protocol corresponding to the first instant messaging application type. A message switching unit acquires the second instant messaging application type corresponding to the third daemon identity, and acquires a second daemon identity. A fourth daemon transmits the instant message to the second daemon corresponding to the second daemon identity using communication protocol corresponding to the second instant messaging application type.

Abstract: Methods for patent summarization. A digital file comprising an issued patent document or a published application is acquired. At least one claim string is acquired from the digital file. Multiple elements are acquired from the claim string. A part-of relationship architecture among a portion of the elements is generated according to the claim string. At least one as-is relationship for at least one of the elements is generated according to the claim string. At least one association relationship for at least one of the elements is generated according to the claim string. The part-of relationship architecture, as-is relationship and association relationship are displayed.

Abstract: A system for peer-to-peer (p2p) communication. A instant message is received from a first daemon corresponding to a first instant messaging application type originating with a first client, and transmits the instant message to a second daemon corresponding to a second instant messaging application type originating with a second client. A third daemon receives the instant message using communication protocol corresponding to the first instant messaging application type. A message switching unit acquires the second instant messaging application type corresponding to the third daemon identity, and acquires a second daemon identity. A fourth daemon transmits the instant message to the second daemon corresponding to the second daemon identity using communication protocol corresponding to the second instant messaging application type.