Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for preparation of polymers, grafted polymers, and copolymers from olefins substituted by polar groups (ester, nitrile, or aryl) or from dienes, wherein the polymerization is initiated by the system formed by mixing of an organic amide of alkaline metal with an alkaline metal alkoxide. The organic amide is derived from primary or secondary amines or polyamines, or from tertiary polyamines containing at least one primary or secondary amino group. These amines contain N-C or N-Si bonds, 1-4000 C atoms and 1-1000 N atoms in a molecula, or have the molecular weight below 100,000. The alkoxides are derived from C.sub.3 -C.sub.16 alcohols. The polymerizations are carried out at -80.degree. to +80.degree. C. (advantageously at +20.degree. C.), at the monomer/organic amide molar ratio 5-1500, at the molar ratio alkoxide/amide 0.5-10, and in hydrocarbon or ether solvents.

Abstract: A method for preparation of polymethacrylate esters by the anionic polymerization characterized by application of new initiation systems based on esters of .alpha.-lithio carboxylic acids having 2-30 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain and 1-6 ester groups in a molecule, or on their adducts or complexes with lithium alkoxides having 3-16 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain. The polymerization is carried out at temperatures -70.degree. to +50.degree. C, preferably at +20.degree. C, with the monomer - to - initiator ratio equal 10 to 1500. The polymers which have new mechanical and solution properties due to the new preparation method are suitable as additives into mineral oils increasing their viscosity indexes and suppressing their solidification temperature, as a cement in medical practice, and the like.