Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a wordline (40), a first bitline (21a), two second bitlines (22a, 22b), a first memory cell (100a) and a second memory cell (100b). The first memory cell (100a) is coupled to the wordline (40), one of the second bitlines (22a) and the first bitline (21a). The second memory cell (100b) is coupled to the wordline (40), the other second bitline (22b) and the first bitline (21a). Each memory cell (100a, 100b) stores a first bit (101) and a second bit (102). The semiconductor device further comprises a programming unit (2) coupled to the wordline (40) and the first and the second bitlines (21a, 22a, 22b).

Abstract: A method adapts circuit components of a memory module to changing operating conditions within a predefined range. According to one embodiment, a memory module provides a sensor arrangement and a communication bus. Sub-ranges are defined for at least one operating condition, in which the circuit components can work with a fixed setup. During operation, the current state of the at least one operating condition is sensed using the sensing arrangement. The sensed state of the operating condition is mapped to one of the predefined ranges and an associated set of control signals is transmitted over the communication bus. The control signals transmitted over the communication bus are used to adapt at least one circuit component to the current operating conditions.

Abstract: A memory module comprises a nonvolatile memory unit (2) and a volatile memory unit (1), which are electrically coupled. The nonvolatile memory unit (2) is operable to store data permanently. The volatile memory unit (1) is operable to load the data stored in the nonvolatile memory unit (2) in order to perform an operation based on the data.