Abstract: A reaction system includes a vessel having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, a liquid within the vessel, a solid phase and a gas phase present within the vessel, and at least one liquid separator disposed within the vessel. The liquid has an upper liquid surface within the vessel, and the liquid separator is configured to remove at least a portion of liquid droplets generated based on the gas phase and the solid phase passing through the liquid.

Abstract: A process for purifying a solid that has a contaminant adhered to a surface of the solid includes passing the solid through a mechanical agitator, agitating the solid comprising the contaminant adhered to the surface of the solid in the mechanical agitator, removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the surface of the solid based on the agitating to form a purified solid, and removing the purified solid from the mechanical agitator.