Abstract: Apparatus and method for registering conditions of performance in a photovoltaic array are provided. A group of neighboring photovoltaic modules may be arranged to sense a reference performance for a respective photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic array. Each of the neighboring photovoltaic modules may have a transmitter to transmit data indicative of the reference performance. The respective photovoltaic module may have a receiver to receive the data transmitted by the group of neighboring photovoltaic modules. A processor in the respective photovoltaic module may be provided to compare data indicative of its respective performance relative to the data received from the group of neighboring photovoltaic modules. The processor may be configured to register a condition of the performance of the respective photovoltaic module based on a result of the data comparison.

Abstract: A system for determination of presence of flames is provided. The system includes a photosensitive transducer configured to generate a response signal that is a function of electromagnetic radiation from a flame source. The system also includes a signal processing unit that includes a modulation unit and a demodulation unit. The modulation unit is configured to generate a modulated response signal by modulating the response signal with a modulation signal of frequency higher than that of an unwanted signal present the response signal. The demodulation unit is configured to determine an output signal by demodulating the modulated response signal. The demodulation unit eliminates the unwanted signal from the modulated response signal during the determination of the output signal. Further, the system also includes a processing unit configured to process the output signal to determine flame presence based on the intensity of the incident radiation from the flame.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for registering conditions of performance in a photovoltaic array are provided. A group of neighboring photovoltaic modules may be arranged to sense a reference performance for a respective photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic array. Each of the neighboring photovoltaic modules may have a transmitter to transmit data indicative of the reference performance. The respective photovoltaic module may have a receiver to receive the data transmitted by the group of neighboring photovoltaic modules. A processor in the respective photovoltaic module may be provided to compare data indicative of its respective performance relative to the data received from the group of neighboring photovoltaic modules. The processor may be configured to register a condition of the performance of the respective photovoltaic module based on a result of the data comparison.