Abstract: Nickel electrodes having high mechanical stability and advantageous electrochemical properties, in particular, enhanced gas evolution in water electrolysis, are described. These electrodes comprising electrically conductive nickel wire mesh or a lattice-like nickel expanded metal webs, and a layer of mutually adherent nanoporous nickel particles applied only to either the nickel mesh wires or the nickel expanded metal webs, obtainable by partially reducing the spherical nickel hydroxide particles in a reducing atmosphere between 270 to 330° C. to obtain partially reduced, spherical Ni/NiO particles, producing a paste from the Ni/NiO particles, an organic and/or inorganic binder, a surfactant and, optionally, additional adjuvants, applying the paste as a coating to the electrically conductive nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal, and annealing the coated nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal in a reducing atmosphere at 500 to 800° C. A method for manufacturing the nickel electrode is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reversible manganese dioxide electrode, comprising an electrically conductive carrier material having a nickel surface, a nickel layer made of spherical nickel particles adhering to each other and having an inner pore structure applied to the carrier material, and a manganese dioxide layer applied to the nickel particles, wherein the manganese dioxide layer is also present in the inner pore structure of the nickel particle. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a manganese dioxide electrode, the use thereof in rechargeable alkaline-manganese batteries, and a rechargeable alkaline-manganese battery containing a manganese dioxide electrode according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reversible manganese dioxide electrode, comprising an electrically conductive carrier material having a nickel surface, a nickel layer made of spherical nickel particles adhering to each other and having an inner pore structure applied to the carrier material, and a manganese dioxide layer applied to the nickel particles, wherein the manganese dioxide layer is also present in the inner pore structure of the nickel particle. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a manganese dioxide electrode, the use thereof in rechargeable alkaline-manganese batteries, and a rechargeable alkaline-manganese battery containing a manganese dioxide electrode according to the invention.

Abstract: Nickel electrodes having high mechanical stability and advantageous electrochemical properties, in particular, enhanced gas evolution in water electrolysis, are described. These electrodes comprising electrically conductive nickel wire mesh or a lattice-like nickel expanded metal webs, and a layer of mutually adherent nanoporous nickel particles applied only to either the nickel mesh wires or the nickel expanded metal webs, obtainable by partially reducing the spherical nickel hydroxide particles in a reducing atmosphere between 270 to 330° C. to obtain partially reduced, spherical Ni/NiO particles, producing a paste from the Ni/NiO particles, an organic and/or inorganic binder, a surfactant and, optionally, additional adjuvants, applying the paste as a coating to the electrically conductive nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal, and annealing the coated nickel mesh or nickel expanded metal in a reducing atmosphere at 500 to 800° C. A method for manufacturing the nickel electrode is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reversible manganese dioxide electrode, comprising an electrically conductive carrier material having a nickel surface, a nickel layer made of spherical nickel particles adhering to each other and having an inner pore structure applied to the carrier material, and a manganese dioxide layer applied to the nickel particles, wherein the manganese dioxide layer is also present in the inner pore structure of the nickel particle. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a manganese dioxide electrode, the use thereof in rechargeable alkaline-manganese batteries, and a rechargeable alkaline-manganese battery containing a manganese dioxide electrode according to the invention.

Abstract: Nickel electrodes comprising an electrically conductive nickel sheet and a nickel layer deposited thereon which consists of spherical, porous nickel particles which adhere to each other, made by the method of partially reducing spherical nickel hydroxide particles in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures to obtain partially reduced spherical Ni/NiO particles, preparing a paste from the Ni/NiO particles obtained and an organic and/or inorganic binder as well as further excipients as required, applying the paste in a layer to one or both sides of the electrically conductive nickel sheet, and tempering the coated nickel sheet in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Self-supporting nickel layers of spherical, porous nickel particles which adhere to each other. Producing nickel electrodes and the self-supporting nickel layer, and use thereof, particularly as an electrode for water electrolysis.

Abstract: Nickel electrodes comprising an electrically conductive nickel sheet and a nickel layer deposited thereon which consists of spherical, porous nickel particles which adhere to each other, made by the method of partially reducing spherical nickel hydroxide particles in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures to obtain partially reduced spherical Ni/NiO particles, preparing a paste from the Ni/NiO particles obtained and an organic and/or inorganic binder as well as further excipients as required, applying the paste in a layer to one or both sides of the electrically conductive nickel sheet, and tempering the coated nickel sheet in a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Self-supporting nickel layers of spherical, porous nickel particles which adhere to each other. Producing nickel electrodes and the self-supporting nickel layer, and use thereof, particularly as an electrode for water electrolysis.

Abstract: Fuel cells are very well suited for the cogeneration of power and heat. An adaptation of the fuel cell power to the thermal requirement of the live load results in faulty adaptations and efficiency losses if the thermal requirement fluctuates significantly. The invention aims to achieve a continuous and lossless adaptation of the thermal production of the fuel cell to the current thermal requirement. The invention utilizes the fact that fuel cells are continuously adjustable over a broad load range. The invention proposes a continuous control of the current based on the supply or return temperature of the thermal circuit. According to the invention, a control method is used that has a quasi-continuous characteristic, particularly a control according to a PID-algorithm with additional limitation of the current as a control variable with respect to the minimum and the maximum value and of the amount of the time rate of change of the current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas distribution panel for a fuel cell wherein gas guiding channels having a meandering-shaped structure and which extend in a parallel manner are arranged. The invention is characterized in that cell connectors having various widths are provided on the meander-shaped defining channels in order to reduce transversal transportation of media along the meander-shaped defining channels. The invention also relates to a fuel cell provided with a gas distribution channel arranged on the cathode side and/or anode side, especially a polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell.