Abstract: A process for breaking down aromatics in industrial wastewaters that contain small amounts of aromatics by reaction with an ozone-containing oxygen stream at a temperature of from 40 to 70° C. and at a pH of from 4 to 7, involves treating industrial wastewaters that contain small amounts of aromatics in two stages with an oxygen stream that contains from 5 to 8% by volume of ozone with thorough mixing by causing the wastewater to flow upward through two reaction zones, the overflow of the wastewater at the top of the first reaction zone entering the second reaction zone at the base, the purified wastewater being obtained at the top of the second reaction zone, the ozone-containing oxygen stream first entering at the base of the second reaction zone, and the waste gas obtained at the top of the second reactor being introduced at the base of the first reaction zone, and, furthermore, a gas containing less than 0.2% by volume of ozone being obtained at the top of the first reaction zone.

Abstract: Aromatic nitro compounds in waste waters from nitrobenzene production plants are degraded by treatment with ozone at 60-100° C. 1.5-10 bar and pH 3 to 12.

Abstract: A process for decoloring polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate and uretdione groups comprises treating the demonomerized polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate and uretdione groups with oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,2-propanediol by catalytic hydrogenation of glycerol at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, which comprises using glycerol having a water content of up to 20% by weight and a catalyst comprising the metals cobalt, copper, manganese and molybdenum in amounts of, based on the total weight of the catalyst,from 40 to 70% by weight of cobalt,from 10 to 20% by weight of copper,from 0 to 10% by weight of manganese andfrom 0 to 10% by weight of molybdenum,where this catalytically active material may additionally contain inorganic polyacids and/or heteropolyacids in an amount of up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of aromatic groups of organic molecules carrying at least one aromatic group and one epoxy group with hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing catalyst, in which the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of from 0.2 to 10 wt % of water, based on the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrogenation of aromatic groups of organic molecules carrying at least one aromatic group and one epoxy group with hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing catalyst, in which a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst is used which can be prepared by reducing the ruthenium compound with a metal having a redox potential of from -0.75 to 2.5 V, a boron hydride, an aluminum hydride, an aluminum alkyl compound, a lithium alkyl compound, or a lithium aryl compound in the presence of an ether.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hard foam containing urethane groups or urethane and isocyanurate groups by the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, by reactinga) a polyoxypropylene- or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyol containing secondary hydroxyl groups, having a functionality of from 3.5 to 4.3, a hydroxyl number of from 350 to 650 and a viscosity of from 500 to 2,500 mPa.multidot.s at 23.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of chlorofluorocarbon-free, urethane- or urethane- and urea-containing, soft-elastic, semirigid or rigid moldings having a cellular core and a compacted peripheral zone and an essentially pore-free, smooth surface involves reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and, if desired,c) a low-molecular-weight chain extender and/or cross-linking agent,in the presence ofd) a blowing agent,e) a catalyst,f) at least one microporous activated charcoal and/or microporous carbon molecular sieve which preferably has a mean pore diameter with a frequency of occurrence of more than 40% in the range from 0.3 to 3 nm, a pore volume of from 0.20 to 1.4 ml/g and a BET surface area of from 500 to 2500 m.sup.2 /g, and, if desired, further additives andg) assistants,in a closed mold with compaction.

Abstract: Ruthenium tetroxide is obtained by oxidation of an alkali metal ruthenate in aqueous solution. The oxidizing agent used is ozone. The oxidation is carried out at a pH greater than or equal to 8.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing dialkyl malonates by ozonolysis of diketene, subsequent catalytic hydrogenation and esterification of the reaction products, the by-products being alkyl formates and dialkyl acetals.

Abstract: Lower polyhydric alcohols are prepared by catalytic hydrogenolysis of sucrose in an aqueous solution by using a catalyst whose active material essentially consists offrom 0 to 100% by weight of cobalt,from 0 to 85% by weight of copper andfrom 0 to 80% by weight of manganese,the percentages being based on the content of the metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hard foam containing urethane groups or urethane and isocyanurate groups by the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, by reactinga) a polyoxypropylene- or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyol containing secondary hydroxyl groups, having a functionality of from 3.5 to 4.3, a hydoxyl number of from 350 to 650 and a viscosity of from 500 to 2,500 mPa.s at 23.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2,2-disubstituted pentane-1,5-diamine of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are C.sub.1 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl or C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkenyl or together are a C.sub.4 - to C.sub.7 -alkylene chain which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted to pentasubstituted by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl, from a 2,2-disubstituted 4-cyanobutanal of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, comprises, in two spatially separate reaction spaces,a) reacting the 4-cyanobutanal of the formula II, in a first reaction space, with excess ammonia on an acidic heterogeneous catalyst at from 20.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2-pyrrolidinone of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,by reacting a 3-cyanopropionate of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings stated above and R.sup.3 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of ammonia and in contact with a catalyst containing cobalt, manganese, and phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lower polyhydric alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of aqueous saccharose solutions at elevated temperature and pressure using a catalyst of which the catalytically active material essentially contains the metals cobalt, copper and manganese in the following concentrations, the total weight of said metals being standardized as 100%:from 0 to 100% w/w of cobalt,from 0 to 85% w/w of copper andfrom 0 to 80% w/w of manganese,this said metal content of said catalytically active material comprising either cobalt alone or at least two of said metals, which active material may also contain added inorganic poly acids and/or heteropoly acids, wherein from 0.01 to 5% w/w of one or more base-acting metal compounds of metals from the first and second main groups and from group IIIA of the Periodic Table are added to the saccharose solution to be hydrogenated.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.6 - to C.sub.10 aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkyl comprises hydrogenolytically cleaving 5-iminopyrrolidin-2-ones of the general formula II ##STR2## in which the R.sup.1 radicals are identical or different C.sub.1 - to C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.6 - to C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkyl, at super-atmospheric pressure and elevated temperature in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to give the pyrrolidin-2-ones I; specifically, the 5-iminopyrrolidin-2-ones of the formula II are obtained by reacting .beta.-cyanopropionic acid esters of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkyl or C.sub.6 - to C.sub.10 -aryl, with an amine of the general formula IVR.sup.1 --NH.sub.2 IVwhere R.sup.1 is as defined above.

Abstract: Substituted benzyl 2-phenylalk(en)-1-ylcyclopropanecarboxylates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is halogen or in each case low molecular weight, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy (n=1 to 5),R.sup.2 is halogen or, in each case low molecular weight, alkyl or haloalkyl,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are halogen or each is an electron in a double bond formed by them together,R.sup.5 is hydrogen or, in each case low molecular weight, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cyano,R.sup.6 is halogen or alkyl (n=1 to 4),R.sup.7 is halogen (p=0 to 25),and their use for combating pests.

Abstract: Oxidized polyethylenes useful as lubricants in the extrusion of polyvinyl chloride are prepared by oxidation of finely divided polyethylene of high density at elevated temperatures with an oxidation gas of air and/or oxygen, the polyethylene used containing from 0.015 to 0.5% by weight of a free radical former organic compound in admixture and being contacted per hour with an oxidation gas which per kilogram of polyethylene contains from 30 to 600, in particular from 80 to 300, mg of ozone, with or without a reduced pressure treatment at elevated temperatures after the oxidation.

Abstract: 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxycyclohexylmethanol, its preparation and its use as a scent.

Abstract: Oxidized polyethylenes useful as water-emulsifiable waxes and as lubricants in the extrusion of polyvinyl chloride are prepared by oxidizing finely divided polyethylene of high density at elevated temperatures with an oxidation gas of air and/or oxygen, the oxidation gas supplied per hour containing not less the 100 mg of ozone per kilogram of polyethylene, by performing the oxidiation in a paddle dryer and passing the oxidation gas into the free gas space above the polyethylene, the temperature in the paddly dryer preferably being continuously adjusted to from 1.degree. to 2.degree. C. below the softening point of the polyethylene.