Abstract: A measuring system in which flexible mats of individual cells are distributed in rows and columns of a matrix are individually pollable for converting mechanical pressures applied locally on surfaces of the mats, into electrical signals. Each cell constitutes a capacitor with capacitance that varies with the applied mechanical pressure. A source of voltage is connectable to each cell, and each cell has an upper surface and a lower surface. Pressure is applied to the upper surface, and a dielectric is positioned between the upper surface and the lower surface. The upper surface has a plurality of parallel strip-shaped areas with projections, whereas the lower surface has a plurality of parallel electrically conductive strip-shaped areas which extend at right angles to the first strip-shaped areas on one side of the dielectric to form a capacitor cell at each intersection. The intersections deforms resiliently under applied pressure to vary the capacitance under pressure.

Abstract: With the measurement of spatial movement of test points by means of ultrasonic signals, the problem exists that often interferences occur which may lead to distortion of test results. It is proposed to check the space between sound transmitter and sound receiver by means of electromagnetic waves, in particular light waves, for absence of obstacles, and/or not to use for the derivation of the distances those ultrasonic signals whose transit time and/or amplitude lie outside a given expectancy range, but to discard them.

Abstract: System for measuring force distributions with individual force-measurement sensors that can be polled in sequence, providing a high level of mechanical and electric security against interference at a low cost in circuitry and controls. The measurement-sensor matrix can be designed to prevent crosstalk between the measurement sensors.