Abstract: The hydrogenation capacity of an upflow hydrocarbon hydrotreatment reactor is increased by expanding the gas-liquid contact surface.

Abstract: In the hydroconversion processes of heavy hydrocarbon oils, in which the hydrogen is introduced at the reactor base by bubbling, the low diffusion rate of hydrogen, from the gas phase to the reaction liquid, limits the degree of conversion. The process circumvents the obstacle of the limited amount of reactant hydrogen by using a slurry bubble column reactor which reduces the formation of light hydrocarbon products, and therefore the hydrogen required for the hydroconversion, allowing to operate at full conversion.

Abstract: In the hydroconversion processes of heavy hydrocarbon oils, in which the hydrogen is introduced at the reactor base by bubbling, the low diffusion rate of hydrogen, from the gas phase to the reaction liquid, limits the degree of conversion. The process circumvents the obstacle of the limited amount of reactant hydrogen by using a slurry bubble column reactor which reduces the formation of light hydrocarbon products, and therefore the hydrogen required for the hydroconversion, allowing to operate at full conversion.

Abstract: Process for the complete conversion of heavy oils into distillates, such as the vacuum residues of heavy crude oils, characterized by the simultaneous use of two separate modes of extraction of the conversion products. Alongside the current mode of recovery of the conversion products, based on the treatment of the effluent of the top zone of the reaction, a second mode is added, based on the direct extraction of liquid from the reaction zone, degassing such liquid at the same pressure as the reactor and subjecting it to vacuum extraction. The vacuum residue is recycled in the reaction. The double mode of extraction allows greatly increasing the capacity of the reactor.

Abstract: Provided is a system for the hydroconversion of heavy oils essentially consisting of a solid accumulation reactor and a stripping section of the products of hydroconversion outside or inside the reactor itself.

Abstract: Process for the complete conversion of heavy oils into distillates, such as the vacuum residues of heavy crude oils, characterized by the simultaneous use of two separate modes of extraction of the conversion products. Alongside the current mode of recovery of the conversion products, based on the treatment of the effluent of the top zone of the reaction, a second mode is added, based on the direct extraction of liquid from the reaction zone, degassing such liquid at the same pressure as the reactor and subjecting it to vacuum extraction. The vacuum residue is recycled in the reaction. The double mode of extraction allows greatly increasing the capacity of the reactor.

Abstract: System and relative process for the complete and high-productivity hydroconversion of heavy oils essentially consisting of a solid accumulation reactor and a stripping section of the conversion products outside or inside the reactor itself. In particular, the system proposed consists of a solid accumulation hydroconversion reactor in which the solids deriving from and generated by the feedstock treated (metals in the form of sulphides and coke) are accumulated, up to very high levels, and a hot gas stripping section of the reaction liquid, designed in relation to the type of reactor adopted, for the direct and continuous removal of the conversion products, including high-boiling products.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of heavy oils comprising sending the heavy oil to hydrotreatment, of the high severity type, in the presence of high concentrations of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst dispersed in slurry phase, effected in a suitable solid accumulation reactor capable of operating stably in the presence of solids deriving from and generated by the feedstock charged, wherein the hydrogen or mixtures thereof is fed at suitable flow-rates and suitably distributed, obtaining the conversion products in vapour phase directly in the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks selected from heavy crude oils, distillation residues from crude oil or coming from catalytic treatment, visbreaker tars, thermal tars, bitumens from oil sands, liquids from coats of different origins and other high-boiling feedstocks of a hydrocarbon nature known as “black oils.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks selected from heavy crude oils, distillation residues from crude oil or catalytic treatment, “visbreaker tars”, “thermal tars”, bitumens from “oil sands” liquids from coals of different origins and other high boiling feedstocks of a hydrocarbon origin.

Abstract: System and relative process for the complete and high productivity hydroconversion of heavy oils essentially consisting of a solid accumulation reactor and a stripping section of the conversion products outside or inside the reactor itself. In particular, the system proposed consists of a solid accumulation hydroconversion reactor in which the solids deriving from and generated by the feedstock treated (metals in the form of sulphides and coke) are accumulated, up to very high levels, and a hot gas stripping section of the reaction liquid, designed in relation to the type of reactor adopted, for the direct and continuous removal of the conversion products, including high-boiling products.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of heavy oils comprising sending the heavy oil to hydrotreatment, of the high severity type, in the presence of high concentrations of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst dispersed in slurry phase, effected in a suitable solid accumulation reactor capable of operating stably in the presence of solids deriving from and generated by the feedstock charged, wherein the hydrogen or mixtures thereof is fed at suitable flow-rates and suitably distributed, obtaining the conversion products in vapour phase directly in the reactor.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks selected from heavy crude oils, distillation residues from crude oil or catalytic treatment, “visbreaker tars”, “thermal tars”, bitumens from “oil sands” liquids from coals of different origins and other high boiling feedstocks of a hydrocarbon origin, comprising the following steps: •mixing the heavy feedstock with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and sending the mixture obtained to a first hydrotreatment area (HT1) to which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S are introduced; •sending the effluent stream from the first hydrotreatment area (HT1), containing the hydrotreatment reaction product and the catalyst in dispersed phase, to a first distillation area (D1) having one or more flash steps and/or atmospheric distillation and/or vacuum distillation whereby the various fractions coming from the hydrotreatment reaction are separated; •sending at least part of the distillation residue (tar) or liquid leaving the flash unit of the first distillation area (D1

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks comprising the following steps: mixing the heavy feedstock with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and sending the mixture obtained to a first hydrotreatment area (HT1) to which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S are introduced; sending the effluent stream from the first hydrotreatment area (HT1), containing the hydrotreatment reaction product and the catalyst in dispersed phase, to a first distillation area (D1) having one or more flash steps and/or atmospheric distillation and/or vacuum distillation whereby the various fractions coming from the hydrotreatment reaction are separated; sending at least part of the distillation residue (tar) or liquid leaving the flash unit of the first distillation area (D1), containing the catalyst in dispersed phase, rich in metallic sulfides produced by demetallation of the feedstock and optionally minimum quantities of coke, to a deasphalting area (SDA) in the presence of solvents or to a physical separation area, obtain

Abstract: An improved process for the wet-spinning of acrylic polymers is disclosed, wherein a spinning solution of an acrylic polymer in an organic solvent, such as dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide, is extruded through a spinneret into a coagulating bath consisting essentially of water and an organic solvent in a ratio between 30:70 and 60:40 by weight, and wherein the filaments thus obtained are washed, stretched and heat treated, and wherein the coagulating bath contains from 0.03% to 3% by weight of acid corresponding to said organic solvent and has a pH value greater than 5, and preferably between 6.5 and 8. The spinning solvent is preferably dimethylacetamide containing free acetic acid to an extent of less than 0.1% by weight, the acetic acid if necessary being added to the coagulating bath to bring its concentration up to values between 0.03% and 3% by weight. The pH value greater than 5 is obtained by the addition to the coagulating bath of ammonium hydroxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, or dimethylamine.

Abstract: Continuous process for preparing a spinning solution of acrylic polymeric material. Process utilizes acrylic polymers obtained in a bulk polymerization slurry, and comprises adding a solvent such as dimethylacetamide to the slurry in such quantity as to be insufficient to attack and dissolve the polymer, bringing the resulting mixture to a temperature not exceeding 170.degree.C, such temperature being such as to not result in any appreciable attack of the polymer by the solvent, removing unreacted monomer by vacuum adiabatic evaporation, and then heating to a temperature not exceeding 170.degree.C, such temperature being sufficiently high to result in solvent attack and dissolution of the polymer.