Abstract: A semiconductor laser and a photonic nonlinear circuit chip are integrated together. The nonlinear circuit chip may include a nonlinear waveguide configured or controlled to enable sum-frequency generation, difference-frequency generation, second-harmonic generation, parametric amplification, or other nonlinear processes. Coupling between the semiconductor laser and the nonlinear circuit may be optimized by mode-matching, while back-reflections are minimized by diverting the reflections so that optical isolators are not needed. The integration of the semiconductor laser and the nonlinear photonic circuit chip enables nonlinear optical processing using a compact and scalable platform in a flexible manner that is compatible with different types of semiconductor lasers and different operation regimes. An additional input is provided so users can input an optical signal into the photonic chip for processing therein.

Abstract: An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) including a thin film waveguide including a material having a second order nonlinear susceptibility generating an electromagnetic wave in response to pump electromagnetic wave inputted into the thin film waveguide. The electromagnetic wave has a first wavelength or first set of wavelengths longer than a second wavelength or second set of wavelengths of the pump electromagnetic wave. The thin film waveguide has a thickness on the order of the first wavelength or the first set of wavelengths in the thin film waveguide so as to guide the output electromagnetic wave along the thin film waveguide.

Abstract: An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) including a thin film waveguide including a material having a second order nonlinear susceptibility generating an electromagnetic field in response to pump electromagnetic field inputted into the thin film waveguide. The electromagnetic field has a first wavelength or first set of wavelengths longer than a second wavelength or second set of wavelengths of the pump electromagnetic field. The thin film waveguide has a thickness on the order of the first wavelength or the first set of wavelengths in the thin film waveguide so as to guide the electromagnetic field along the thin film waveguide.

Abstract: A security barrier which includes an elongated body having a top side and a bottom side and having a top portion having a first width and a bottom portion having a second width that is greater than the first width. The top side defines a channel. Also, a security barrier is provided in which at least a portion of the anchoring opening extends through the top portion and bottom portion. Additionally, a security barrier is provided in which the anchoring opening has a first anchoring opening end which communicates with the bottom side of the elongated body and a second anchoring opening end which communicates with the top side. A method is also provided for providing anchoring the security barrier.