Abstract: The invention lies in the field of tactile displays and optical-tactile seeing aids. In order, proceeding from the known tactile displays having linear magnetic actuators, to provide such an electromagnetic actuator for tactile applications, in particular for tactile pins in Braille script displays and graphical surface displays, by means of which electromagnetic actuator an inexpensive bistable electromagnetic linear drive unit of simple mechanical design can be realized, the bar of the actuator consists of a material having very high coercivity, i.e. the polarity thereof cannot be changed, the bar being axially enclosed by a hard magnetic sleeve having at most the same length and having considerably lower coercivity, i.e.

Abstract: The invention lies in the field of tactile displays and optical-tactile seeing aids. In order, proceeding from the known tactile displays having linear magnetic actuators, to provide such an electromagnetic actuator for tactile applications, in particular for tactile pins in Braille script displays and graphical surface displays, by means of which electromagnetic actuator an inexpensive bistable electromagnetic linear drive unit of simple mechanical design can be realized, the bar of the actuator consists of a material having very high coercivity, i.e. the polarity thereof cannot be changed, the bar being axially enclosed by a hard magnetic sleeve having at most the same length and having considerably lower coercivity, i.e.

Abstract: Conventional methods for producing photographic copies of film strips are highly intensive in terms of manual labor and involve a large number of different operating processes. In particular, the systems employed are not optimally designed for repeat orders. A new method is therefore proposed with which all of the images on the film strip are scanned completely during the film strip development process, and the scanned image data are stored for each image in a mass memory forming part of the production device. The first positive and all further positive images required for repeat orders are produced exclusively from these stored image data. The device according to the invention comprises a scanner disposed external to and immediately at the outlet of the strip film development device for completely scanning the film strip images.