Abstract: A system having a biosensor as well as a biomarker, a recognition motif, an anti-Debye screening layer, and a charge sensing layer. The biosensor can include the recognition motif, the anti-Debye screening layer, and the charge sensing layer. A method can implement the system to detect the biomarker using a combination of the recognition motif, the anti-Debye screening layer, and the charge sensing layer. A single device can include a recognition motif, an anti-Debye screening layer, and a charge sensing layer, and the recognition motif can receive a biomarker which allows the device to sense the biomarker. The system, method and device each can implement decoupled charge-based sensing and Debye screening.

Abstract: A variety of neural stimulation devices are disclosed. The devices comprise an uptake component comprising means for selectively transporting a stimulating species into the device; a release component comprising means for releasing the stimulating species; and means for producing a concentration gradient of a second species. The concentration gradient of the second species provides energy to transport the stimulating species into the device. The stimulating species may be an ion, e.g., a potassium ion, or a neurotransmitter. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the stimulating species is a potassium ion. In a second preferred embodiment the stimulating species is dopamine. In certain embodiments of the invention countertransport across an uptake component comprising a synthetic ABA polymer membrane is achieved using a carboxylic acid crown ether. The gradient of the second species may be provided by means of a chemical reaction that takes place inside the device.

Abstract: An ocular device that can more safely and effectively perform all functions needed of a retinal prosthesis with electronic components that are placed outside the wall of an eye, are powered wirelessly provided by an external power source, and which provide a patient with a view determined by natural motion of the eye and triggered by natural incident light converging at the retina. In one aspect, the invention is an externally powered, light-activated, sub-retinal prosthesis in which natural light entering the eye conveys visual details to the sub-retinal prosthesis, while wireless radiofrequency transmission provides the power needed to stimulate the retina, which would be insufficient if it were obtained from the intensity of incoming light alone.

Abstract: An ocular device that can more safely and effectively perform all functions needed of a retinal prosthesis with electronic components that are placed outside the wall of an eye, are powered wirelessly provided by an external power source, and which provide a patient with a view determined by natural motion of the eye and triggered by natural incident light converging at the retina. In one aspect, the invention is an externally powered, light-activated, sub-retinal prosthesis in which natural light entering the eye conveys visual details to the sub-retinal prosthesis, while wireless radiofrequency transmission provides the power needed to stimulate the retina, which would be insufficient if it were obtained from the intensity of incoming light alone.

Abstract: A fast-switching differential precharge circuit is described. This circuit includes a precharging device for placing a first or a second node in a first desired state by providing a connection between that node and a first voltage supply. A second precharging device is also included, which places a second node in a second desired state, which is the logical inverse of the first desired state. Each precharging device includes a state maintaining device and a resetting device. The differential precharge circuit also includes first and second logical networks that are connected to both the first and second nodes and help to maintain the state of a given node. A method for differentially precharging a circuit is also described. The method includes applying a first state to a first node and applying a second state to a second node, such that the second state is the logical inverse of the first state. The second state on the second node is maintained, while a logic device coupled to the first node is reset.