Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system for multi-objective optimization of urban train operation. Firstly, speed limit information, slope information and curve radius information of a real train route are obtained, a section is segmented into non-equal sub-sections according to the above information about actual line characteristics, and then a longitudinal dynamics model of the train is constructed in combination with basic vehicle data of the train. Next, energy consumption of the train operation, section operation time, actual parking positions, and rates of acceleration change are calculated, so as to construct a multi-objective optimization model of train operation. Afterwards, a multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization model, in order to obtain a Pareto optimal solution set of each operation district. Finally, an optimal solution is obtained which takes all objectives into comprehensive consideration, and an optimal train speed curve is generated.