Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods are provided for generating Cherenkov radiation (CR) at terahertz, infrared, and/or other frequency ranges without an exotic power source such as a nuclear reactor. A hyperbolic meta-material structure may take the form of a stack comprising multiple hyperbolic layers (e.g., graphene sandwiched within hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)) interleaved with dielectric and topped with one or more outcoupling layers for emitting photonic CR based on coupling between drifting electrons within the hyperbolic layers and compatible photonic modes. A hyperbolic metasurface structure is substantially planar in form, comprises multiple hyperbolic strips (e.g., and emits CR in the form of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs).

Abstract: Provided are an anode material with a surface joined to an adhesive, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof. The anode material with a surface joined to an adhesive includes the anode material and the adhesive joined to the surface of the anode material, where the adhesive includes a first polymer and a second polymer, polymerized monomers of the first polymer include any one or a combination of at least two of an acrylate monomer, an acrylamide monomer, an acrylonitrile monomer, or a styrene monomer, the second polymer is a two-component polymer, and the anode material includes any one of a silicon-carbon anode material, a silicon-oxygen anode material, an artificial graphite anode material, or a natural graphite anode material.