Abstract: An apparatus and method estimates a plurality of synchronized phasors at predetermined times referenced to an absolute time standard in an electrical power system. The method includes acquiring and determining a frequency of a power system signal, sampling the power system signal at a sampling interval rate based on a frequency of the power system signal to form signal samples, and generating a plurality of acquisition time values based on an occurrence of each of the signal samples at a corresponding plurality of different times referenced to the absolute time standard. The method further includes adjusting a phasor of each of the signal samples based on a time difference between a corresponding selected acquisition time value and a predetermined time referenced to an absolute time standard to form the plurality of synchronized phasors.

Abstract: A dynamically configurable relay element configured to protect an electrical system, including a dynamically calculated relay operating quantity, a dynamically calculated relay pickup setting, a dynamically calculated time dial, a plurality of dynamically calculated variables that define a characteristic of the dynamically configurable relay element, and a dynamically calculated operating time, the dynamically calculated operating time based on the dynamically calculated relay operating quantity, the dynamically calculated relay pickup setting, the dynamically calculated time dial and the plurality of dynamically calculated variables. The relay element may be an inverse-time overcurrent element, an instantaneous overcurrent element, an adaptive pickup overcurrent element, and inverse-time overvoltage element, a voltage restrained overcurrent element, and an inverse-time undervoltage element.