Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes applications, databases, encryption engines, and decryption engines. Encryption and decryption engines may be used to perform format-preserving encryption on data strings stored in a database. Applications may be used to embed information in data strings. Information may be embedded by using a character set that is larger than a character set being used by a data string. A data string may be converted into a larger character set, analogous to converting a number from a lower base to higher base. Such a conversion may shorten a data string, allowing information to be embedded as appended characters.

Abstract: Format preserving encryption (FPE) cryptographic engines are provided for performing encryption and decryption on strings. A plaintext string may be converted to ciphertext by repeated application of a format preserving encryption cryptographic algorithm. Following each application of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm, the resulting version of the string may be analyzed to determine whether desired string constraints have been satisfied. If the string constraints have not been satisfied, further applications of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm may be performed. If the string constraints have been satisfied, the current version of the string may be used as an output for the cryptographic engine.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes applications, databases, encryption engines, and decryption engines. Encryption and decryption engines may be used to perform format-preserving encryption on data strings stored in a database. Applications may be used to embed information in data strings. Information may be embedded by using a character set that is larger than a character set being used by a data string. A data string may be converted into a larger character set, analogous to converting a number from a lower base to higher base. Such a conversion may shorten a data string, allowing information to be embedded as appended characters.

Abstract: Format preserving encryption (FPE) cryptographic engines are provided for performing encryption and decryption on strings. A plaintext string may be converted to ciphertext by repeated application of a format preserving encryption cryptographic algorithm. Following each application of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm, the resulting version of the string may be analyzed to determine whether desired string constraints have been satisfied. If the string constraints have not been satisfied, further applications of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm may be performed. If the string constraints have been satisfied, the current version of the string may be used as an output for the cryptographic engine.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes applications, databases, encryption engines, and decryption engines. Encryption and decryption engines may be used to perform format-preserving encryption on data strings stored in a database. Applications may be used to embed information in data strings. Information may be embedded by using a character set that is larger than a character set being used by a data string. A data string may be converted into a larger character set, analogous to converting a number from a lower base to higher base. Such a conversion may shorten a data string, allowing information to be embedded as appended characters.

Abstract: Format preserving encryption (FPE) cryptographic engines are provided for performing encryption and decryption on strings. A plaintext string may be converted to ciphertext by repeated application of a format preserving encryption cryptographic algorithm. Following each application of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm, the resulting version of the string may be analyzed to determine whether desired string constraints have been satisfied. If the string constraints have not been satisfied, further applications of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm may be performed. If the string constraints have been satisfied, the current version of the string may be used as an output for the cryptographic engine.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. A string that contains characters has a specified format. The format defines a legal set of character values for each character position in the string. During encryption operations with the encryption engine, a string is processed to remove extraneous characters and to encode the string using an index. The processed string is encrypted using a format-preserving block cipher. The output of the block cipher is post-processed to produce an encrypted string having the same specified format as the original unencrypted string. During decryption operations, the decryption engine uses the format-preserving block cipher in reverse to transform the encrypted string into a decrypted string having the same format.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. A string that contains characters has a specified format. The format defines a legal set of character values for each character position in the string. During encryption operations with the encryption engine, a string is processed to remove extraneous characters and to encode the string using an index. The processed string is encrypted using a format-preserving block cipher. The output of the block cipher is post-processed to produce an encrypted string having the same specified format as the original unencrypted string. During decryption operations, the decryption engine uses the format-preserving block cipher in reverse to transform the encrypted string into a decrypted string having the same format.

Abstract: Format preserving encryption (FPE) cryptographic engines are provided for performing encryption and decryption on strings. A plaintext string may be converted to ciphertext by repeated application of a format preserving encryption cryptographic algorithm. Following each application of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm, the resulting version of the string may be analyzed to determine whether desired string constraints have been satisfied. If the string constraints have not been satisfied, further applications of the format preserving cryptographic algorithm may be performed. If the string constraints have been satisfied, the current version of the string may be used as an output for the cryptographic engine.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. A string that contains characters has a specified format. The format defines a legal set of character values for each character position in the string. During encryption operations with the encryption engine, a string is processed to remove extraneous characters and to encode the string using an index. The processed string is encrypted using a format-preserving block cipher. The output of the block cipher is post-processed to produce an encrypted string having the same specified format as the original unencrypted string. During decryption operations, the decryption engine uses the format-preserving block cipher in reverse to transform the encrypted string into a decrypted string having the same format.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes applications, databases, encryption engines, and decryption engines. Encryption and decryption engines may be used to perform format-preserving encryption on data strings stored in a database. Applications may be used to embed information in data strings. Information may be embedded by using a character set that is larger than a character set being used by a data string. A data string may be converted into a larger character set, analogous to converting a number from a lower base to higher base. Such a conversion may shorten a data string, allowing information to be embedded as appended characters.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided that includes format-preserving encryption and decryption engines. A string that contains characters has a specified format. The format defines a legal set of character values for each character position in the string. During encryption operations with the encryption engine, a string is processed to remove extraneous characters and to encode the string using an index. The processed string is encrypted using a format-preserving block cipher. The output of the block cipher is post-processed to produce an encrypted string having the same specified format as the original unencrypted string. During decryption operations, the decryption engine uses the format-preserving block cipher in reverse to transform the encrypted string into a decrypted string having the same format.

Abstract: A method of tying over an individual customer service connection from a live outer gas main to an inner gas main inserted within the liver outer gas main comprises defining a generally annular region within the space between the inner and outer mains. The region is upstream from the customer service connection between the customer service connection and the source of gas for the outer main. The sidewall of the outer main is opened intermediate the ends of the region, and an amount of a high-density liquid foaming composition sufficient to fill the region is introduced into the opening. The foaming composition is permitted to foam and harden to a plug in the region. Before the foaming composition is permitted to foam and harden, a first end of a first conduit is inserted into the opening, and pushed into the space so that the first end lies upstream from the region.

Abstract: A pipe slitter comprises a base for fixing the slitter to a pipe to be slit thereby. The base includes a pair of end plates for mounting transversely of the pipe and a carriage guide for coupling the end plates to each other. The carriage guide extends longitudinally of the pipe. The carriage guide movably supports a first carriage. A second carriage movably supports a slitter blade. The second carriage is movably supported on the first carriage for movement of the slitter blade longitudinally and transversely of the pipe.

Abstract: A method for inserting a smaller cross sectional area, higher pressure fluid conduit or "main" into a larger cross sectional area, lower pressure fluid main, includes inserting a length of smaller diameter gas main into a length of larger diameter gas main while the larger diameter gas main remains pressurized with the gas. The method includes providing a parallel gas pathway from a section of larger diameter main upstream toward the gas supply from the length of larger diameter main into which the smaller diameter main is to be inserted.

Abstract: A pipe slitter comprises a base for fixing the slitter to a pipe to be slit thereby. The base includes a pair of end plates for mounting transversely of the pipe and a pair of connecting rods for coupling the end plates to each other. The connecting rods extend longitudinally of the pipe. A carriage supports a slitter blade. The carriage is movably supported on the base for movemenet longitudinally of the pipe. The slitter blade is movably supported on the carriage for movement transversely of the pipe.

Abstract: A pipeline crawler mechanism for increasing the effective length of smaller-diameter gas main which can be inserted into an existing larger-diameter gas main utilizing the techniques described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,789 and 4,090,534. The mechanism for extending the length of such an insertion includes two self-centering carriers for insertion into the larger-diameter gas main. Each carrier includes an apparatus for attaching a semirigid rod to it so that the carrier may be pushed into the larger-diameter gas main section to a distance determined by the flexibility, weight, etc., of the rod. Each carrier includes a coupler. One coupler includes a male member and the other includes a female member. When the carriers approach each other from opposite ends of the larger-diameter main section upon which an insertion is being conducted, the couplers automatically couple, permitting both carriers and both lengths of the semirigid fiberglass rod to be pulled back toward one end of the larger-diameter main section.

Abstract: An electrically powered pipeline crawler for use in conducting an insertion of a smaller-diameter, high-pressure gas main section into a section of lower-pressure, larger-diameter gas main. The pipeline crawler is sealed, so that it can be used to conduct insertion procedures in live gas main sections. Thus, service to customers along a main section upon which such an insertion is being conducted need not be interrupted. The pipeline crawler provides the added flexibility of permitting an insertion to be conducted on a several city block long section, without having to divide the several block long section into smaller sections of one to three blocks in length. Fewer access holes to the main need be dug, so there is less traffic disruption and the like.

Abstract: A fitting for insertion of an elongated member, such as a semirigid rod, axially into the end of a live gas main section. The fitting comprises a housing defining a passageway opening which extends axially through the housing. The housing provides, at its opposite ends, exterior and interior openings. The housing is mounted on the main end with the interior opening sealingly engaging and in coaxial registry with the main end. The housing further provides a channel extending generally transaxially of the fitting between the exterior and interior openings. Two closure members are disposed in the channel and are selectively movable therein for increasing and decreasing the size of the passageway opening. The closure members include cooperating gate members and gaskets which define an aperture extending axially of the fitting. The gaskets provide a perimetral seal for the aperture. The aperture has a cross section substantially equal to the cross section of the elongated member.

Abstract: A method of tying over an individual customer service connection from a live outer gas main to an inner gas main inserted therein. The inner main is centered within the outer main and an annular region is defined upstream from the customer service connection which is to be tied over. An opening is formed in the side wall of the live outer main intermediate the ends of the annular region and a quantity of a high-density froth foam such as, for example, urethane foam, sufficient to fill the annular region is injected into it. The foam is allowed to harden to prevent gas from flowing downstream below the annular region to the service connection to be tied over. The outer main may then be cut away downstream from the annular region and the new customer service connection made through the side wall of the inner main exposed by cutting away the outer main. In the first embodiment of the method, a special centering tool contains a valve.