Abstract: A method of image evaluation when performing SIM microscopy on a sample includes: A) providing n raw images of the sample, which were each generated by illuminating the sample with an individually positioned SIM illumination pattern and imaging the sample in accordance with a point spread function, B) providing (S1) n illumination pattern functions, which each describe one of the individually positioned SIM illumination patterns, C) providing (S1) the point spread function and D) Carrying out an iteration method, which includes following iteration steps a) to e), as follows: a) providing an estimated image of the sample, b) generating simulated raw images, in each case by image processing of the estimated image using the point spread function and one of the n illumination pattern functions such that n simulated raw images are obtained, c) assigning each of the n simulated raw images to that of the n provided raw images which was generated by the illumination pattern that corresponds to the illumination patter

Abstract: A method for determining the optimal position of the focal plane for examining a specimen by microscopy can include a) illuminating the specimen with light and recording images at different positions of the focal plane to provide a stack of intensity images, b) calculating a phase image from at least two intensity images, with the calculated phase image being assigned a focal plane position located within a focal plane region whose boundaries are the two most spaced apart positions of the focal plane of the at least two intensity images, c) repeating step b) multiple times with different intensity images such that a stack of phase images is available, d) calculating at least one focus measure value for each phase image, and e) determining the optimal position of the focal plane on the basis of the calculated focus measure values and the focal plane positions assigned to the phase images.

Abstract: A method of image evaluation when performing SIM microscopy on a sample includes: A) providing n raw images of the sample, which were each generated by illuminating the sample with an individually positioned SIM illumination pattern and imaging the sample in accordance with a point spread function, B) providing (S1) n illumination pattern functions, which each describe one of the individually positioned SIM illumination patterns, C) providing (S1) the point spread function and D) Carrying out an iteration method, which includes following iteration steps a) to e), as follows: a) providing an estimated image of the sample, b) generating simulated raw images, in each case by image processing of the estimated image using the point spread function and one of the n illumination pattern functions such that n simulated raw images are obtained, c) assigning each of the n simulated raw images to that of the n provided raw images which was generated by the illumination pattern that corresponds to the illumination patter

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a composite for thermal insulation comprising at least layers (L1), (L2) and (LB), the process comprising the steps of providing layer (L1) containing from 25 to 95% by weight of aerogel and from 5 to 75% by weight of fibers and from 0 to 70% by weight of fillers and layer (L2) containing from 25 to 95% by weight of aerogel and from 5 to 75% by weight of fibers and from 0 to 70% by weight of fillers; applying a composition (C1) comprising an inorganic binder on one surface of the layer (L1) or layer (L2) or layer (L1) and (L2), and combining layer (L1) and layer (L2) in a manner that composition (C1) is located between layer (L1) and (L2), wherein composition (C1) is applied in the form of a, as well as a composite for thermal insulation comprising at least layers (L1), (L2) and layer (LB) which is located between layers (L1) and (L2) and the use of said composite for thermal insulation.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of an optical boundary surface along a first direction includes a) imaging a pattern in a plane transverse to the first direction, and recording a two-dimensional image of the pattern imaged in the plane; b) repeating step a) for different positions in the first direction, wherein the different positions cover an area in the first direction in which the optical boundary surface lies; c) averaging each image from step a) along a direction transverse to the second direction such that in each case a one-dimensional data set is produced; d) transforming each data set from step c) into a frequency domain; e) determining the frequency of the greatest amplitude of all data sets transformed in step d); and f) determining the position along the first direction by evaluating the data sets transformed in step d) at the frequency determined in step e).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a composite for thermal insulation comprising at least layers (L1), (L2) and (LB), the process comprising the steps of providing layer (L1) containing from 25 to 95% by weight of aerogel and from 5 to 75% by weight of fibers and from 0 to 70% by weight of fillers and layer (L2) containing from 25 to 95% by weight of aerogel and from 5 to 75% by weight of fibers and from 0 to 70% by weight of fillers; applying a composition (C1) comprising an inorganic binder on one surface of the layer (L1) or layer (L2) or layer (L1) and (L2), and combining layer (L1) and layer (L2) in a manner that composition (C1) is located between layer (L1) and (L2), wherein composition (C1) is applied in the form of a, as well as a composite for thermal insulation comprising at least layers (L1), (L2) and layer (LB) which is located between layers (L1) and (L2) and the use of said composite for thermal insulation.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of an optical boundary surface along a first direction includes a) imaging a pattern in a plane transverse to the first direction, and recording a two-dimensional image of the pattern imaged in the plane; b) repeating step a) for different positions in the first direction, wherein the different positions cover an area in the first direction in which the optical boundary surface lies; c) averaging each image from step a) along a direction transverse to the second direction such that in each case a one-dimensional data set is produced; d) transforming each data set from step c) into a frequency domain; e) determining the frequency of the greatest amplitude of all data sets transformed in step d); and f) determining the position along the first direction by evaluating the data sets transformed in step d) at the frequency determined in step e).

Abstract: A method that reconstructs an image function (r), which represents an object function (ƒ) of an object imaged by periodically structured illumination with an illumination grating. It includes: provision of a group of optical sectional images, which are formed after folding operations of the object function (ƒ) with an illumination point spread function (hI), from recorded intermediate images (gi) of the object, wherein the group of optical sectional images contains sub-images (gck, gsk) whose contributions in the image function (r) are formed by kth Fourier components (k>1) of the illumination grating, and demodulation of the group of optical sectional images in order to generate the image function (r). Also described are an imaging method and devices in which the reconstruction method is used.

Abstract: A method for reconstruction of an image function (r), which represents an object function (ƒ) of an object (1) imaged with periodically structured illumination, from optical section images (gc, gs), which are formed following convolution operations on the object function (ƒ) with a modified illumination point spread function (hI), comprises the steps of generating (S1) corrected optical section images (gc?, gs?), wherein predetermined filter operators are applied to the optical section images (gc, gs), said filter operators being the inverse of the convolution operations, and demodulation (S2) of the corrected optical section images (gc?, gs?) in order to generate the image function (r). In addition, an imaging method and an imaging apparatus are described, by means of which the aforementioned reconstruction method is applied.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for improving the depth discrimination in optically imaging systems. It is applicable in particular in light microscopy for improving image quality when examining three-dimensionally extending objects. It is applicable in the method of structured illumination as described in WO 97/6509. For this purpose, influences due to variations in the brightness of the light source, positioning of the imaged periodic structure and bleaching of the object in fluorescence illumination are determined and taken into account in the calculation of the object structure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for improving the depth discrimination in optically imaging systems. It is applicable in particular in light microscopy for improving image quality when examining three-dimensionally extending objects. It is applicable in the method of structured illumination as described in WO 97/6509. For this purpose, influences due to variations in the brightness of the light source, positioning of the imaged periodic structure and bleaching of the object in fluorescence illumination are determined and taken into account in the calculation of the object structure.