Abstract: The present invention concerns a chemical mechanical polishing pad having a polishing layer. The polishing layer contains an extruded sheet. The extruded sheet is prepared by extruding a compounded photopolymerizable composition followed by exposure to UV light.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a chemical mechanical polishing pad having a polishing layer. The polishing layer contains an extruded sheet. The extruded sheet is a photopolymerizable composition containing a block copolymer, a UV curable acrylate, and a photoinitiator.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a chemical mechanical polishing pad having a polishing layer. The polishing layer contains an extruded sheet. The extruded sheet is prepared by extruding a compounded photopolymerizable composition followed by exposure to UV light.

Abstract: A positive-working electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of (A) a nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in a major amount;(B) thermoplastic resin particles having dispersed therein a quaternary ammonium compound which is substantially insoluble in the nonpolar liquid and is represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 40 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and any of the group R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be joined to form a 5 or 6 membered ring, and A.sup.- is an anion; and (C) a nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic charge director compound. The process of preparation of the electrostatic liquid developer is described. The liquid developers are useful in copying, color proofing including digital color proofing, lithographic printing plates and resists.

Abstract: Positive-working electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having Kauri-butanol value less than 30, present in major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having an average particle size by area of less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) an AB diblock copolymer charge director compound as defined. Optionally a colorant and charge adjuvant are present. The process of making the electrostatic liquid developer is described. The electrostatic liquid developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of toner particles for electrostatic liquid developers comprising(A) dispersing at ambient temperature colorant, A-B diblock polymer grinding aid as described, and a carrier liquid;(B) adding to the dispersion a thermoplastic resin and dispersing at an elevated temperature to plasticize and liquify the resin;(C) cooling the dispersion as described while grinding with particulate media,(D) separating the dispersion of toner particles average by area particle size less than 10 .mu.m, from the particulate media, and(E) adding during or subsequent to step (B) at least one ionic or zwitterionic charge director compound.Steps (A) and (B) can be combined by adding the thermoplastic resin to the other ingredients and dispersing at an elevated temperature. The liquid developer can be prepared omore quickly by the process than by other known processes. The liquid developers are useful in copying, in making color proofs, etc.

Abstract: Negative-working electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of(A) nopolar liquid having Kauri-butanol value less than 30, present in major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having an average particle size by area of less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) an AB diblock copolymer charge director compound as defined. Optionally a colorant and charge adjuvant are present. The process of making the electrostatic liquid developer is described. The electrostatic liquid developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: A liquid electrostatic developer consisting essentially of(A) a nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30 present in a major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having dispersed therein an aromatic nitrogen-containing compound which is substantially insoluble or immiscible in the nonpolar liquid at ambient temperatures as defined herein, the resin particles having an average by area particle size of less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) a nonpolr liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic charge director compound, and process for preparation. The developer is useful in copying and color proofing including digital color proofing, lithographic printing plates and resists.

Abstract: A positive-working electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of (A) a nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in major amount, (B) thermoplastic resin particles, less than 10 .mu.m average by area particle size, (C) a nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic charge director compound, and (D) a substituted carboxylic acid or salt adjuvant as defined. Component (D) can be present in liquid (A) or dispersed in the resin particles. The process of preparation of the electrostatic liquid developer is described. The liquid developers are useful in copying, color proofing including digital color proofing, lithographic printing plates and resists.

Abstract: Bipolar liquid electrostatic developer consisting essentially of at least one charge director in a nonpolar liquid having dispersed therein two toner particles having opposite charge polarity which comprise at least one thermoplastic copolymer resin. The particle average by area size is less than 10 .mu.m. The ratio of the two toner particles is 5 to 95 and 95 to 5. A process of simultaneous transfer of such developer is included. The developer is useful in copying.

Abstract: An electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in a major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having an average by area particle size of less than 10 .mu.m,(C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic, nonionic, or zwitterionic compound, and(D) alkylhydroxybenzylpolyamine as define herein, being operably soluble in component (A) above.Optionally colorant, adjuvants, etc., are present. The liquid electrostatic developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Electrostatic liquid developer having improved negative charging characteristics consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in a major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having an average by area particle size of less than 10 .mu.m,(C) charge director compound, and(D) at least one soluble solid or liquid organic monofunctional amine compound of the formula: R.sub.n NH.sub.3-n wherein R is alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkylene, or substituted alkyl, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene or substituted alkyl group being of 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.Optionally, a colorant, e.g., a pigment; metallic soap, adjuvant can be present. The electrostatic liquid developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Positive electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having Kauri-butanol value less than 30, present in major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having an organic sulfur-containing compound which is substantially insoluble in the nonpolar liquid at ambient temperatures, as defined dispersed therein and average particle size by area being less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic charge director compound. Optionally a colorant and charge adjuvant are present. The electrostatic liquid developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having Kauri-butanol value less than 30, present in major amount,(B) at least one thermoplastic resin having an average particle size by area of less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) at least one glyceride charge director as defined. Optionally a colorant and a charge adjuvant can be present. The elastrostatic liquid developer is useful in copying, making proofs, including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, resists and medical hardcopies.

Abstract: Liquid Electrostatic Developer consisting essentially ofA. nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in major amount,B. at least one thermoplastic resin having average by area particle size of less than 10 .mu.m,C. a charge director compound,D. particles of a blend of wax and at least one metallic soap or inorganic metal salt, e.g., triglyceride wax/metallic soap or metal salt.Optionally a colorant is present. The liquid electrostatic developer is useful in copying, e.g., medical hard copies, making proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Negative-working electrostatic liquid developer having improved charging characteristics consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in a major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having an average by area particle size of less than 10 .mu.m,(C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic compound, and(D) a quaternaryammonium hydroxide compound as defined, e.g., tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, etc., soluble in an amount of at least 0.5 part per million by weight in the nonpolar liquid.The electrostatic liquid developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Negative, liquid electrostatic developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having Kauri-butanol value less than 30, present in major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having a colorant and an inorganic metal salt as defined dispersed therein and average particle size by area being less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic compound which imparts a negative charge to the thermoplastic resin particles. Optionally additional adjuvants are present. The liquid electrostatic developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Negative, liquid electrostatic developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having Kauri-butanol value less than 30, present in major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles having a colorant and an inorganic metal salt as defined dispersed therein and average particle size by area being less than 10 .mu.m, and(C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic compound which imparts a negative charge to the thermoplastic resin particles.Optionally additional adjuvants are present. The liquid electrostatic developer is useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.

Abstract: Electrostatic liquid developer consisting essentially of(A) nonpolar liquid having a Kauri-butanol value of less than 30, present in a major amount,(B) thermoplastic resin particles a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom and having an average by area particle size of less than 10 .mu.m,(C) nonpolar liquid soluble ionic or zwitterionic compound, and(D) charge adjuvant of a polyhydroxy compound, or an aminoalcohol.(E) colorant, and(F) a polybutylene succinimide.The electrostatic liquid developers are useful in copying, making proofs including digital color proofs, lithographic printing plates, and resists.