Abstract: An aqueous acidic cleaning composition suitable for the cleaning of metal parts is constituted by urea phosphate, a surfactant, a corrosion inhibitor, and water. The corrosion inhibitor can be a phosphatizing compound such as iron phosphate, zinc phosphate, manganese phosphate, and the like.

Abstract: An improved filtration system comprises a vessel divided into a concentrate chamber and a permeate chamber by a permeable septum. An ultrasonic wave generator is mounted to the vessel and positioned to direct ultrasonic waves through both the permeate contained in the permeate chamber and the permeable septum. A circulator such as a pump or agitator is operably associated with the concentrate chamber to provide a shearing force on the surface of the permeable septum. A vessel inlet port allows concentrate to flow into the concentrate chamber and a permeate outlet port allows permeate to be withdrawn.

Abstract: Water-based industrial cleaning solutions are stripped of mixed oil and high density particulate (dirt) contamination by a full or partial flow system through, first, a centrifugal separator to produce two effluent flow streams respective to low and high density contamination. Each centrifugal separator effluent stream is conducted to and through respective gravimetric separators producing three effluent streams each. The two purified cleaning solution streams are combined for recycling. The two oil effluent streams are combined for disposal. The two particulate dominated streams are combined for screen or matrix filtration.A small side stream such as effluent from the screen or filter is treated with ozone for bacterial control prior to recombination.

Abstract: Cutting fluid residues are removed from swarf such as turnings, borings, mill scale, grinding sludge, and the like, by washing the swarf with an aqueous detergent solution so as to emulsify the residues, thereafter removing the emulsified residues by entrainment in fluid stream, and then drying the swarf. If desired, the aqueous detergent solution can be reclaimed for further use by physically separating the emulsified residues therefrom.