Abstract: Inorganic membrane structures of high stability, high permeability, and large surface area. Zeolite membranes can be disposed onto an intermediate pore size modification layer which reduces the pore size of the inorganic porous support. The intermediate pore size modification layer minimizes the defects in the zeolite membrane and provides a more continuous and uniform zeolite membrane. The inorganic membrane structure can be in the form of a honeycomb monolith. The applications for the zeolite membranes include, for example, membrane ultra-filtration of gas or liquid fluids, biological assays and cell culture surfaces.

Abstract: A copper-gallium alloy is deposited on a nonconductive substrate, such as glass, ceramic, or polymeric material, to provide a conductor to which solder will readily adhere, such that electrical contacts to photonic and electrical components can be made. The copper-gallium thin film can also be used to provide a surface for solder sealing a component within a hermetically sealed enclosure. In a preferred embodiment, the copper-gallium alloy was from about 1 to about 40 percent gallium to about 99 to about 60 percent copper and was deposited to a thickness of from about 400 nanometers to about 3 microns. The copper-gallium film is deposited utilizing sputtering or electron beam deposition equipment.