Abstract: 3D metrology techniques are disclosed for determining a changing topography of a substrate processed in an additive manufacturing system. Techniques include fringe scanning, simultaneous fringe projections, interferometry, and x-ray imaging. The techniques can be applied to 3D printing systems to enable rapid topographical measurements of a 3D printer powder bed, or other rapidly moving, nearly continuous surface to be tested. The techniques act in parallel to the system being measured to provide information about system operation and the topography of the product being processed. A tool is provided for achieving higher precision, increasing throughput, and reducing the cost of operation through early detection and diagnosis of operating problems and printing defects. These techniques work well with any powder bed 3D printing system, providing real-time metrology of the powder bed, the most recently printed layer, or both without reducing throughput.

Abstract: The present application provides a sweet tea brewing device for brewing tea with hot water and adding sugar and dilution water. The sweet tea brewing device includes a tea basket for brewing the tea with the hot water, a sugar basket with the sugar downstream of the tea basket, a dilution line with the dilution water in communication with the sugar basket, and a tea urn downstream of the sugar basket. The tea from the tea basket and the dilution water from the dilution line dissolve the sugar in the sugar basket such that the combined tea, dissolved sugar, and dilution water flow to the tea urn.

Abstract: Measured or otherwise known operating characteristics of a DC/DC power converter are used to determine, without measuring, an operating characteristic of the DC/DC power converter.

Abstract: Measured or otherwise known operating characteristics of a DC/DC power converter are used to determine, without measuring, an operating characteristic of the DC/DC power converter.