Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an optical system includes two tilted planar elements each having two surfaces for which the sign of the slopes of at least three of the four surfaces that an incident beam encounters are the same and which, when inserted into the path of the incident beam produces an output beam having no angular deviation and essentially no lateral deviation from the incident beam path.

Abstract: An exemplary calorimeter includes a body configured to capture radiation generated by a source of the radiation, such as without limitation a laser, and absorb energy from the captured radiation. The calorimeter is simple to manufacture, operate, and maintain and is compact, highly accurate, able to withstand high power beams, and self-calibrating. NIST traceable electrical wires are used for the measurement. No fluids are used during measurements of the input radiation. A simple built in fluid or gaseous cooling system may be used post-measurement to reset the calorimeter temperature back to ambient for repeated measurement capability.

Abstract: A device for capturing radiation includes multi-axis, multiple chambers with two dimensional geometry. A first chamber has a first axis and is configured to receive a beam of radiation and absorb a portion of the beam of radiation. A second chamber has a second axis that is not collinear with the first axis. The second chamber is configured to receive at least a portion of the beam of radiation and absorb at least a portion of the beam of radiation. In one preferred embodiment, the second chamber terminates at a vertex. Additional chambers may be provided, as desired, with axes not collinear with either the first chamber, the second chamber, or any other chamber such that the plurality of chambers absorb substantially all of the radiation.