Abstract: A dynamic demulsification system to facilitate the removal of water from oil for use in a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) which has a dehydrator vessel in fluid communication with a desalter vessel which in turn is in fluid communication with a water/oil separator vessel includes the following system components: an in-line microwave treatment subsystem upstream of one or two of each of the dehydrator vessel, the desalter vessel and the water/oil separator vessel, each of which vessels receives a water-oil emulsion; a sensor for the real-time monitoring and transmission of data representing one or more properties of the water-oil emulsion in the respective vessel(s) and/or downstream of the respective vessel(s) with which the sensor is associated; and a processor/controller that receives the data from the sensor and transmits one or more signals to the one or both of the respective in-line microwave treatment subsystem(s) to generate and apply microwave energy of predetermined characteristics to the flowing

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include processes using microwave heating to promote the separation of components of crude oil. In some embodiments, microwave-heated water may be used to heat the interphase between the gas phase and the oil phase of a crude oil stream to promote the separation of sulfur (for example, H2S) and light end components of the crude oil stream. In some embodiments, microwave-heated water may be used to heat the interphase between the oil phase and the water phase of a crude oil stream to promote the separation of water, salt, or both of the crude oil stream. Systems having a microwave unit to provide microwave-heated water to crude oil stream are also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the cracking of a petroleum oil feedstock to produce a desulfurized full-range gasoline product. The petroleum oil feedstock is contacted with a base cracking catalyst and an FCC additive in an FCC unit, wherein the catalyst includes a stable Y-type zeolite and a rare-earth metal oxide and the additive includes a shape selective zeolite. The catalyst, additive and petroleum oil feedstock can be contacted in a down-flow or riser fluid catalytic cracking unit, that can also include a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. The FCC unit includes an integrated control and monitoring system that monitors at least one parameter selected from FCC operating parameters, feed rate, feedstock properties, and product stream properties, and adjusts at least one parameter in response to the measured parameter to increase production of desulfurized products.

Abstract: Petroleum oil is catalytically cracked by contacting oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in an FCC apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. Production of light-fraction olefins is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. Mathematical process models, including neural networks, statistical models and finite impulse models are used in conjunction with advanced controllers and optimizing routines to calculate optimal settings for various parameters. Process model and historical data to test a predictive system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation and equipment failure in the FCC unit, decreasing overall operating costs and increasing plant safety.

Abstract: With an aim to optimize propylene production, petroleum oil such as gas oil is catalytically cracked by contacting the oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in a down-flow type fluid catalytic cracking apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone, wherein conversion of hydrocarbon occurs under relatively severe conditions. According to this fluid catalytic cracking process, the production of light-fraction olefins such as propylene is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. Process model and historical data to test a predictive system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation and equipment failure in the FCC unit.

Abstract: A dynamic demulsification system to facilitate the removal of water from oil for use in a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) which has a dehydrator vessel in fluid communication with a desalter vessel which in turn is in fluid communication with a water/oil separator vessel includes the following system components: an in-line microwave treatment subsystem upstream of one or two of each of the dehydrator vessel, the desalter vessel and the water/oil separator vessel, each of which vessels receives a water-oil emulsion; a sensor for the real-time monitoring and transmission of data representing one or more properties of the water-oil emulsion in the respective vessel(s) and/or downstream of the respective vessel(s) with which the sensor is associated; and a processor/controller that receives the data from the sensor and transmits one or more signals to the one or both of the respective in-line microwave treatment subsystem(s) to generate and apply microwave energy of predetermined characteristics to the flowing

Abstract: A dynamic water/oil demulsification system for a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) includes: an in-line microwave treatment subsystem upstream of one or more of each of a dehydrator vessel, desalter vessel and/or water/oil separator vessel, each of which vessels receives a water-oil emulsion; sensors that monitor and transmit data corresponding to properties of the water-oil emulsion in or downstream of the respective vessel(s); and a processor/controller associated with the in-line microwave treatment subsystem that initiates the application of microwave energy to the emulsion(s) based on the data from the sensors.

Abstract: Heavy crude oils having high sulfur content and viscosities are upgraded by a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process that includes microwave irradiation of a mixture of the sour heavy crude oil with at least one catalyst and optionally, one or more sensitizers, and irradiation in the presence of hydrogen. The process is also adapted to microwave treatment of hard to break emulsions, either above ground or below ground where water-in-oil emulsions are initially formed, followed by the catalytic hydrodesulfurization promoted by application of further microwave energy to the demulsified crude oil stream.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: Heavy crude oils having high sulfur content and viscosities are upgraded by a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process that includes microwave irradiation of a mixture of the sour heavy crude oil with at least one catalyst and optionally, one or more sensitizers, and irradiation in the presence of hydrogen. The process is also adapted to microwave treatment of hard to break emulsions, either above ground or below ground where water-in-oil emulsions are initially formed, followed by the catalytic hydrodesulfurization promoted by application of further microwave energy to the demulsified crude oil stream.

Abstract: The fuel properties of petroleum hydrocarbon waste having an API gravity varying from about 5 to 30 are improved by heating the hydrocarbon to a temperature of about 35° C. to 90° C. and mixing the heated hydrocarbon stream with a suitable solvent to reduce the viscosity of the hydrocarbon, which is then separated by a centrifuge to obtain an aqueous phase stream, an oil phase stream, and a separated solids stream. The oil phase stream has a viscosity range of about 250 centipoise (cP) to about 1000 cP. The oil phase stream is utilized in a refinery, while a slurry fuel is prepared with the separated solids stream and aqueous phase stream as a feedstock for road asphalt, a fuel for a combustor, or a fuel for a gasification process. The oil phase stream is used for fuels and feedstock for making carbon fiber.

Abstract: A dynamic water/oil demulsification system for a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) includes: an in-line microwave treatment subsystem upstream of one or more of each of a dehydrator vessel, desalter vessel and/or water/oil separator vessel, each of which vessels receives a water-oil emulsion; sensors that monitor and transmit data corresponding to properties of the water-oil emulsion in or downstream of the respective vessel(s); and a processor/controller associated with the in-line microwave treatment subsystem that initiates the application of microwave energy to the emulsion(s) based on the data from the sensors.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: Petroleum oil is catalytically cracked by contacting oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in an FCC apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. Production of light-fraction olefins is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. Mathematical process models, including neural networks, statistical models and finite impulse models are used in conjunction with advanced controllers and optimizing routines to calculate optimal settings for various parameters. Process model and historical data to test a predictive system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation and equipment failure in the FCC unit, decreasing overall operating costs and increasing plant safety.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.

Abstract: Apparatus for enhancing combustion of an undesired chemical to minimize the formation of smoke during operation of a flare stack for the discharge of a flare feedstream includes a plurality of high-pressure air nozzles spaced apart below and around the periphery of the stack outlet. Each nozzle is directed toward the stack outlet and in the direction of the feedstream's movement. High-pressure air from the nozzles forms a plurality of high-velocity air jets to produce a moving air mass that draws additional atmospheric air into the air mass moving toward the stack outlet to enhance combustion of the flare feedstream. Analytical means determine the stoichiometric oxygen requirements, and an air-flow valve controls the flow rate of the high-pressure air to the nozzles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the cracking of a petroleum oil feedstock to produce a desulfurized full-range gasoline product. The petroleum oil feedstock is contacted with a base cracking catalyst and an FCC additive in an FCC unit, wherein the catalyst includes a stable Y-type zeolite and a rare-earth metal oxide and the additive includes a shape selective zeolite. The catalyst, additive and petroleum oil feedstock can be contacted in a down-flow or riser fluid catalytic cracking unit, that can also include a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. The FCC unit includes an integrated control and monitoring system that monitors at least one parameter selected from FCC operating parameters, feed rate, feedstock properties, and product stream properties, and adjusts at least one parameter in response to the measured parameter to increase production of desulfurized products.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy sulfur-containing crude oil into lighter crude oil with lower sulfur content and lower molecular weight is provided. The process is a low-temperature process using controlled cavitation.